“…Moreover, they mastered the Banjarese in the Kuala and Hulu dialects, were aged 50 and over, had a clear articulator, and were fluent in speech. Therefore, this study selected three speakers of the Banjarese with the Kuala dialect, including SBR (women, 67 years), SR (women, 62 years), and WDH (women, 38 years) (Al-Deaibes, 2021;Wang, 2005;Dansieh, 2011). It also selected three speakers of the Banjarese in the Hulu dialect, including BKN (male, 62 years old), MHL (male, 76 years old), and BRS (male, 60 years old).…”