The practical comparison of conductor operating temperatures against IEEE and CIGRE ampacity calculations

Staden, P. van; Kock, J.A. de

doi:10.1109/powerafrica.2012.6498622

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This work applied the same concept and found that both standards have different equations and considerations in determining the ampacity rating in the calculation. Nevertheless, both methods have no significant difference in their results [19], [65], [66]. The temperature and thermal rating may be different in each span due to different atmospheric conditions although the same current loading flows through the lines.…”

Section: Transmission Line Thermal Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

et al. 2020

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The overhead transmission line system is one of the methods of transmitting electrical energy at a high voltage from one point to another, especially over long distances. The demand for electrical energy is increasing due to the increase in the world population, the evolution of transport technology, and economic expansion, thereby resulting in overloading to the overhead line (OHL) system. In building new infrastructure for transmission lines, several issues need to be addressed. Thus, optimizing existing power by increasing the ampacity of power line is a practical solution to meet energy demand issues. During long-term operation, the temperature of OHL conductors may increase beyond their rated temperature, which is typically 75 °C for conventional conductors such as aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced cable. This condition is defined as thermal stress, which results in lower sag vertical clearance, tensile loss, elongation and creep, and reduced life span of the conductors. This condition must be avoided to ensure that the line is not permanently elongated, which can disrupt the vertical ground clearance, and to expand the conductor's life. Other factors such as lightning, wildfire, aging, and degradation of the conductor can also cause thermal stress on the conductors and have thermal effects on the conductor's performance. Therefore, unwanted thermal stress needs to be examined and identified by monitoring the thermal effect and behavior of the lines. This paper presents the state of the art in monitoring technologies that can be used to identify thermal stress on OHL conductors, including the issues and challenges in monitoring. At the end of this paper, a few suggestions are included to address the occurrence and assessment of thermal stress in lines. Ultimately, this work may provide complete information to researchers and maintenance engineers to enable them to make better decisions on condition monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the system. INDEX TERMS Overhead transmission line, thermal rating, conductor temperature, thermal stress effect, conditioning monitoring.

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Section: Transmission Line Thermal Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed calculation of solar heat gain is described in [62], [63]. A comparison between the IEEE and CIGRE standards was discussed in [65], [66], [70]. Basically, in the IEEE, the standard SI calculation unit is in W/ft 2 , while in the CIGRE standard, the SI calculation unit is W/m 2 .…”

Section: A Steady-state Thermal Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…wind speed, solar radiation, wind integration, and ambient temperature) into the heat balance equation as expressed in Eqn. (2) [26]. In [27], a comparative analysis of the ampacity calculation between the IEEE and CIGRE standard has been discussed briefly.…”

Section: Existing Ieee and Cigri Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Dynamic Thermal Current Rating Model for PMU-Based Wide Area Measurement Framework for Reliability Analysis Utilizing Sensor Cloud System

et al. 2021

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Information technology expressively improves remote electricity measurement and monitoring. Integrating Dynamic Thermal Current Rating (DTCR) software packs with the exclusive phasor measurement-based Wide Area Measurement (WAM) framework, the remote Transmission Lines (TLs) current rating can be measured. WAM is used for data acquisition from different sensors, and also allows data transmissions and processing for which sensor cloud system (SCS) plays a vital role. DTCR with phasor-measurement based WAM framework is mainly used to analyze and determine the current ratings of overhead TLs using weather condition estimation or prediction methods. However, the recent study suggests that the accuracy of the DTCR has become an issue in the smart grid of Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB). Hence, this article studies and discusses the relevant models and systems, and then proposes an improved thermal pi (π) model for the transmission line thermal model of DTCR software in WAM Framework. The performance of the improved π model will be distinguished from the existing thermal model. The weather factors that bring a substantial impact on the current rating is also considered, where the relevant data is monitored via different weather sensors. Besides, this study also focuses on calibrating the DTCR through phasor measurement in the WAM system, as well as the field measured data. All the data is collected from relevant sensors, and a detailed comparative analysis is provided based on the proposed model for the sake of improving the reliability of the system. The performance analysis of the thermal models is evaluated using Matlab software-based numerical analysis.INDEX TERMS Dynamic thermal current ratings, data acquisition system, information technology, phasor measurement unit, reliability, sensors, sensor cloud system, wide area measurement. NOMENCLATURE ABBREVIATIONS ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Rectifier CTE Conductor Temperature EvaluationThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Eyuphan Bulut .

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“…(2) [11]. The authors have discussed the comparison of the ampacity calculation based on the CIGRE and IEEE standard [12]. Based on their findings on heat balance, the Equation is mainly depended on joule and magnetic heating concept.…”

Section: Current Rating Based On Ieee and Cigre Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of Dynamic Line Rating Model for Phasor Measurement Unit Based Wide Area Measurement System in Smart Grid Application

Hasan*,

Ahmed,

Musa

et al. 2019

IJRTE

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The inefficiency of power transmission lines always becoming an issue in power system analysis. One of the most applicable methods Dynamic Thermal Current Rating (DTCR) to measure the thermal line ratings of existing transmission lines. This DTCR system operated through Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in Wide Area Measurement (WAM) system of the Sarawak Energy. To calculate the line rating based on measured or predicted weather conditions of the overhead transmission lines. However, the existing DTCR system of Sarawak Energy facing several accuracy issues. Therefore, this paper intended to perform an extended study on the sensitivity analysis of conductors in overhead transmission lines using the dynamic thermal rating model. The parameters (wind speed, the density of air, solar radiation) that influence the thermal line ratings considered in measuring, assessing the conductors’ thermal effects and then these parameters were considered for the line rating models that dynamically will adjust the weather information of the conductor in overhead transmission lines on WAM systems. The performance of this study carried out using Matlab based simulation. The result shows that the proposed model that uses the dynamic factors brings the expected outcome in measuring the accurate ratings of the overhead transmission lines.

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The practical comparison of conductor operating temperatures against IEEE and CIGRE ampacity calculations

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

An Improved Dynamic Thermal Current Rating Model for PMU-Based Wide Area Measurement Framework for Reliability Analysis Utilizing Sensor Cloud System

Calibration of Dynamic Line Rating Model for Phasor Measurement Unit Based Wide Area Measurement System in Smart Grid Application

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