The Practical Application of Sunflower Meal in Poultry Nutrition

Abstract

| The benificial application of untraditional feedstuffs such as sunflower meal (SFM) in animal and poultry nutrition in developing countries has received considerable attention. SFM is a by-product of sunflower oil industry, and has been increasingly added to animal and birds diets. Moreover, SFM is potentially one of the most important protein source in the world. Nowadays, it is well known that feed represents the main cost of animal and poultry production and accounts about 75% of the total cost. The increasing feed ingredients price of poultry nutrition caused to look closely at agricultural by-products which are less cost than traditional ingredients. Thus, the waste residues of crops, vegetables and fruits after harvesting and processing could be used as sources of protein, energy and other nutrients in feeding animals and poultry. Reports from variuos laboratories on the using SFM as feed ingredient for poultry are discussed in this review. Based on the findings presented, SFM is an acceptable feed componentof poultry rations and can be fed at 25% in broiler and 20% in layer diets. However, replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with SFM may affect dietary inclusions of essential amino acids, and use of synthetic lysine may need to be increased. The high levels of SFM in poultry diets can be used successfully with appropriate diet formulation adjustments for energy and amino acids particularly lysine and methionine. This compilation with its valubale information would be beneficial for researchers, chemists, feed and food industry, and certainly could help to promote the usage of SFM in poultry production.

Phytochemical, Ecological and Antioxidant Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Thyme: Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.

“…hirtum , containing up to 55% of thymol and 10% of carvacrol, showed an antioxidant power of 400 mg GAE/ml . The T. capitata essential oils seem to act as electron donors, and the reaction of carvacrol with a free radical is facilitated due to its weak acid character . However the content of carvacrol and total oxygenated monoterpenes of the thyme oils analyzed in this study was in the order: cluster A < cluster C < cluster D′ < cluster D″ < cluster B; while the antioxidant power measured in the FC assay was in the order: cluster D″ ≤ cluster A ≤ cluster D′ < cluster B ≤ cluster C. Thus our results confirm the existence of some minor components, other than carvacrol, contributing to the antioxidant ability of the thyme oils.…”

The influences of feeding broilers on graded inclusion of sunflower meal with or without Avizyme on growth, protein and energy efficiency, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility

“…Lipiec (5) stated that SFM can be successfully used in the nutrition of monogastric animals at levels of 50-150 g/kg diet. Alagawany et al (6) reported that there are many factors encouraging the use of SFM in poultry nutrition, like its cheap price compared to SBM and being free from antinutritional factors and toxic molecules. The aforementioned authors reported that SFM as an alternative feedstuff could be utilized profitably at levels of 200 g/kg of broiler diets without any harmful effects on growth and carcass yield.…”

Combination of carvacrol with simvastatin improves the lipid‐lowering efficacy and alleviates simvastatin side effects

“…Carvacrol (CARV) or cymophenol (2‐methyl‐5‐isopropylphenol) is a plant‐derived chemical with potent antioxidant properties that can serve as modulatory agents when taken with hypolipidemic drugs. It is a monoterpene phenolic constituent of the essential oil produced by numerous aromatic plants and spices like origanum vulgare (oregano), thyme, pepperwort, and wild bergamot . Several in vitro and in vivo studies described different biological activities of CARV, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and chemopreventive activities .…”