The Powerful Male Hero: A Content Analysis of Gender Representation in Posters for Children’s Animated Movies

Aley, Melinda; Hahn, Lindsay

doi:10.1007/s11199-020-01127-z

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Goffman (1979:28) explicated that the male's usual superiority of status over the female will be expressible in his greater girth and height. In addition, it aligns with the previous researches, from the body posture, a man is stilleven vaguely-described as the protector, implying a reality that men are, however, still more powerful (Aley & Hahn, 2020;Ramdhan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Image and Social Representationsupporting

confidence: 88%

Gender Representation in Perpustakaan Intan

Setiarini

Supiastutik

Kusumayanti

et al. 2021

Pioneer. J. Lang. Lit

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There is little research on gender-related children's picture books in Indonesia. In this article, we discuss the disclosure of gender representation in a picture book entitled Perpustakaan Intan. The high number appearances of women, the actions pinned on women, and the clothes displayed in both text and images are materials for visualizing women and men. Previous studies have revealed that men dominate the number of appearances in books. However, this book displays women more often than men. On the one hand, this raises the question of whether this means women are in power, and on the other hand, men are portrayed as powerless. Utilizing the multimodality approach, the results show that although women appear more in the narrative, women are still represented as less powerful.

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Section: Image and Social Representationsupporting

confidence: 88%

Gender Representation in Perpustakaan Intan

Setiarini

Supiastutik

Kusumayanti

et al. 2021

Pioneer. J. Lang. Lit

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“…The process of socialisation in late childhood is also influenced by the strongly stereotyped contents of video games, social networks and applications [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. In order to study the possible relationship between the screen time playing video games and using social media and applications and the internalisation of gender roles, two indicators were built.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Still a Sexist Society? Primary Socialisation and Adherence to Gender Roles in Childhood

Cerbara

Ciancimino

Tintori

2022

IJERPH

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Background: The internalisation of gender stereotypes has long-term impacts on the aspirations, opportunities and psychosocial well-being of people. The main objective of this study is to measure the adherence to gender roles among children, analysing the link between their roles’ internalisation, the family context and the socioeconomic environment. Method: During the Spring 2021, a survey was carried in Rome on children aged 8–11 through a structured questionnaire. The explanatory dimensions of the analysed topics were identified and a survey questionnaire with an ad hoc administration method were developed. Results: The results show a widespread internalisation of traditional gender roles among the respondents and differences by sex were found, since their acceptance is higher among boys for male roles and among girls for female roles. As the age increases, the adherence to male roles decreases for both boys and girls, while high levels of prosociality resulted in a lower adherence to female roles among boys. No significant relations were found with family and environmental variables. Conclusions: These findings show how the internalisation of gender stereotypes is already traceable at this age, and due to a different path of primary socialisation, boys and girls develop their gender identity consistent with social expectations. The lack of significant relations with environmental variables could be related to the age of the respondents, as the process of primary socialisation imbued with gender stereotypes still does not overlap secondary socialisation. These trends should be monitored during late childhood since at this age children are cognitively plastic, but also vulnerable and influenceable by surrounding stimuli. This research approach, especially if extended to a wider geographical scale, can provide important knowledge to support the relational well-being of children and equal opportunities of society as a whole.

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“…Similarly, animated television (e.g., Keys, 2016; Leaper et al, 2002; Thompson & Zerbinos, 1995) and movies (e.g., England et al, 2011; León Gonzalez et al, 2020; Towbin et al, 2004) targeting children also promote gender-stereotyped messages regarding masculinities. For example, male characters are often portrayed as strong or performing climactic rescues (England et al, 2011), muscular (Harriger et al, 2018), and powerful (Aley & Hahn, 2020). Only one study, to our knowledge, has specifically assessed toxic masculinity traits (Harriger et al, 2021).…”

Section: Traditional and Toxic Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

With great power comes great responsibility: A content analysis of masculinity themes in superhero movies.

Harriger¹,

Wick²,

Mendez³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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This content analysis examined the frequency of messages regarding masculinity in a sample of 30 worldwide top-grossing superhero films and explored whether superheroes and villains significantly differed by type or frequency of masculinity messages they exhibited. Results demonstrated a high number of masculinity themes present in the overall sample. The most common masculinity themes reported for the superheroes were physically strong, violence, and athletic, while the most common masculinity themes reported for the villain characters were violence and physically strong. Superheroes were significantly more likely to be depicted as strong, athletic, asserting and preserving masculinity, discussing appearance, and risk-taking compared to villains. No significant differences in violence, objectifying women, or playboy behavior between the superhero and villain characters were found. Findings warrant additional scrutiny and consideration by researchers and interested stakeholders. Public Significance StatementThis content analysis found that superhero films, which serve as important communicators of masculinity ideals, portray superheroes as engaging in risk-taking behavior, discussing their appearance, and asserting and preserving masculinity more so than villains. Additionally, our findings that there were no significant differences in the frequency of superheroes versus villains engaging in violence, objectifying women, or being a playboy are concerning. Superhero films serve as gender socializing agents; therefore, we recommend continued exploration of the messages regarding masculinity and the impacts of such messages in these films.

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The Powerful Male Hero: A Content Analysis of Gender Representation in Posters for Children’s Animated Movies

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Gender Representation in Perpustakaan Intan

Gender Representation in Perpustakaan Intan

Are We Still a Sexist Society? Primary Socialisation and Adherence to Gender Roles in Childhood

With great power comes great responsibility: A content analysis of masculinity themes in superhero movies.

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