The power of the health belief model (HBM) to predict water demand management: A case study of farmers’ water conservation in Iran

Some at Risk for COVID-19 Are Reluctant to Take Precautions, but Others Are Not: A Case From Rural in Southern Iran

“…Two general and seminal ingredients in the PMT are subset constructs called threat and coping assessments (see Figure 1). A threat assessment is conceptualized by the two sub-concepts of perceived severity and perceived vulnerability, where the former refers to individuals' assessment of the negative consequences of a threatening security event (8)(9)(10)(11), and the latter describes the extent to which one is likely to be respond to a health danger.…”

Theoretical Underpinnings in Research Investigating Barriers for Implementing Environmentally Sustainable Farming Practices: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

“…Similarly, perceived complexity of new practices and incompatibility with existing practices were barriers to positive attitudes and intentions, and were aggravated by the absence of trialability and observability. An exception was the Tajeri moghadam et al [40] study, which used the health belief model in its theoretical framework. In this study, HBM constructs of perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and cues to action were sufficient to explain adoption of sustainable irrigation practices [40].…”

“…An exception was the Tajeri moghadam et al [40] study, which used the health belief model in its theoretical framework. In this study, HBM constructs of perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and cues to action were sufficient to explain adoption of sustainable irrigation practices [40]. Using a means-end-chain (MEC) analysis to examine motivations of male and female farmers to change crop management practices, Ngigi et al [38] found the common goal of minimising the negative consequences of weather variability to be prominent in the community [38].…”

“…The HBM suggests that the likelihood of engaging in a health promoting behaviour depends on individual beliefs regarding sus-ceptibility or risk (the likelihood of getting ill); severity of the illness; the benefits deriving from positive health behaviour; barriers to engaging in health promoting behaviour (e.g., time, skill, money); and motivational factors, including self-efficacy or the conviction that one can successfully execute the behaviour; cue to action; and general health beliefs. Tajeri moghadam et al [40] used constructs of the HBM to explore farmers' water conservation behaviours in Iran and found that perceived barriers were negatively correlated with all other constructs in the model. However, barriers did not add to the overall HBM model's explanatory power beyond perceived susceptibility to risks associated with traditional irrigation and excessive water consumption; perceived benefits to farmers agricultural activities, including the avoidance of water fees, and the economy; and cues to action, including information and learning workshops [40].…”

“…Tajeri moghadam et al [40] used constructs of the HBM to explore farmers' water conservation behaviours in Iran and found that perceived barriers were negatively correlated with all other constructs in the model. However, barriers did not add to the overall HBM model's explanatory power beyond perceived susceptibility to risks associated with traditional irrigation and excessive water consumption; perceived benefits to farmers agricultural activities, including the avoidance of water fees, and the economy; and cues to action, including information and learning workshops [40].…”