The Power of the European Union Protocol to Test for Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Fibers

Moolgavkar, Suresh H.; Turim, Jay; Brown, R. C.

doi:10.1006/rtph.2001.1474

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The TSCE model has been used previously to relate LC incidence or mortality risk to individual exposure patterns for smoking, radon, arsenic, fibers, and radiation. ( 1, 2, 9, 18‐35 ) These analyses indicate that LC risk is strongly associated with smoking history, with risk increasing nonlinearly with smoking duration. Analyses of cohorts with complex individual exposure histories, including smoking, radon, and arsenic, indicate that these different exposures show significant interactions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chapter 8: The FHCRC Lung Cancer Model

et al. 2012

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As a member of the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET), the lung cancer group at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) developed a model for evaluating US lung cancer mortality trends and the impact of changing tobacco consumption. Model components include a biologically-based two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model; a smoking simulator to generate smoking histories and other cause mortality; and adjustments for period and birth-cohort to improve calibration to US lung cancer mortality. The TSCE model was first calibrated to five substantial cohorts: British doctors’, American Cancer Society CPS-I and CPS-II, Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study (HPFS), and Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). The NHS and HPFS cohorts included the most detailed smoking histories and were chosen to represent the effects of smoking on US lung cancer mortality. The calibrated TSCE model and smoking simulator were used to simulate US lung cancer mortality. Further adjustments were necessary to account for unknown factors. This provided excellent fits between simulated and observed US lung cancer mortality for ages 30–84 and calendar years 1975–2000. The FHCRC lung cancer model may be used to study the effects of public health information on US lung cancer trends and the impact of tobacco control policy. For example, we estimated that over 500,000 males and 200,000 females avoided lung cancer death between 1975–2000 due to increasing awareness since the mid-1950’s of the harmful effects of smoking. We estimated that 1.1 million male and 0.6 million female lung cancer deaths were avoidable if smokers quit smoking in 1965.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chapter 8: The FHCRC Lung Cancer Model

et al. 2012

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“…The results indicate all the indicators of bio-persistence considered are equally good predictors of the early long-term change that occurs in the lung in response to more durable fibres. This change the collagen deposition at the broncho-alveolar junction is a precursor of interstitial fibrosis, which has been shown to be associated with tumour response in fiber-exposed animals [62,63].…”

Section: Recommendations For Developing Needle-shaped Inhaled Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Are All Inhaled Fibres, Such as Asbestos, Toxic?

Abdul-Jabbar

Martini

2015

Int Arch Clin Pharmacol

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Exposure to asbestos is well known to have a causal relationship with the development of lung cancer. In order to understand the mechanism of this toxicity an extensive review was undertaken. Findings were able to show that the morphology of the asbestos (which is fibrous) has a marked correlation with its toxicity. It is this morphology that mutually contributes to enhanced aerodynamic properties making asbestos ideal for deposition in the lungs as well as giving it mutagenic properties. Therefore, it is inappropriate to ignore the intrinsic property of fibres, especially due to an increase in the amount of synthetic fibres used commercially including the pharmaceutical industry. The development of fibres as medically inhaled therapies is on the increase and therefore it is very important to examine how to benefit from the enhanced aerodynamic properties whilst minimising any toxicity.

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“…The ability of the fiber to remain in the lung, termed durability if measured in in vitro studies, or biopersistence if measured in in vivo studies has also been found to be a key determinant of fiber toxicity (ATSDR, 2004; Bernstein et al., 2001a,b; Eastes & Hadley, 1994; Eastes et al., 1996; Hesterberg et al., 1994, 1998; ILSI Working Group, 2005; McConnell, 2000; Maxim et al., 2006; Moolgavkar et al., 2000, 2001a,b,c; Oberdörster, 2000).

Dissolution rates are measured in in vitro studies in simulated lung fluid.

…”

Section: Other Relevant Fiber Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) carcinogenicity: comparisons with other fibers

Greim

Utell

Maxim³

et al. 2014

Inhalation Toxicology

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In 2011, SCOEL classified RCF as a secondary genotoxic carcinogen and supported a practical threshold. Inflammation was considered the predominant manifestation of RCF toxicity. Intrapleural and intraperitoneal implantation induced mesotheliomas and sarcomas in laboratory animals. Chronic nose-only inhalation bioassays indicated that RCF exposure in rats increased the incidence of lung cancer and similar exposures resulted in mesothelioma in hamsters, but these studies may have been compromised by overload. Epidemiological studies in the US and Europe showed an association between exposure and prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pleural plaques, but no interstitial fibrosis, mesotheliomas, or increased numbers of lung tumors were observed. As the latency of asbestos induced mesotheliomas can be up to 50 years, the relationship between RCF exposure and respiratory malignances has not been fully determined. Nonetheless, it is possible to offer useful perspectives. RCF and rock wool have similar airborne fiber dimensions and biopersistence. Therefore, it is likely that these fibers have similar toxicology. Traditional rock wool has been the subject of numerous cohort and case control studies. For rock wool, IARC (2002) concluded that the epidemiological studies did not provide evidence of carcinogenicity. Based on analogies with rock wool (read across), it is reasonable to believe that increases in lung cancer or any mesotheliomas are unlikely to be found in the RCF-exposed cohort. RCF producers have developed a product stewardship program to measure and control fiber concentrations and to further understand the health status of their workers.

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The Power of the European Union Protocol to Test for Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Fibers

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Chapter 8: The FHCRC Lung Cancer Model

Chapter 8: The FHCRC Lung Cancer Model

A Review: Are All Inhaled Fibres, Such as Asbestos, Toxic?

Perspectives on refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) carcinogenicity: comparisons with other fibers

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