“…This interpretation is supported by the results of the present study, finding slightly moderate toxic leadership and high nurse effectiveness. Meanwhile, Güntner et al (2021), and Kusy and Kurtulmuş (2020) report that toxic leaders may have a detrimental effect on followers. The results of this study were consistent with the studies of Hannah et al (2013), Kellerman (2004), Kusy and Holloway (2009), Krasikova et al, (2013), Pelletier (2010), Shaw et al, (2011), andTepper et al, (2009), who revealed that toxic leadership has a negative correlation with follower effectiveness in terms of active disengagement, poor critical thinking and poor performance.…”