The power capability of ultracapacitors and lithium batteries for electric and hybrid vehicle applications

Burke, Andrew; Miller, Marshall

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.092

Cited by 224 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…According to (8) and (10), the PWM signals for the power switches Q 1~Q8 can be obtained based on the mode control signal S and the modulation index M. The bidirectional power flow control strategy is shown in Fig.10.…”

Section: Control Strategy Of Bidirectional Power Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to (10) and (11), the proper restriction function can be k Boostmin =0.1 when the duty cycles are closer to 0.5, as shown in Fig. 15(a), d 3 ≈0.44, and d 4 ≈0.41.…”

Section: B In the Boost Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the energy density of battery stacks is very high, the power density is low, so they are not suitable for large current charge or discharge [8], [9]. A possible solution for this problem is combining battery stacks with super-capacitors, which can provide a high specific power and a high specific energy [10], [11]. Therefore, the hybrid energy source system can greatly improve the performance of electric vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bidirectional Three-level DC-DC Converter with a Wide Voltage Conversion Range for Hybrid Energy Source Electric Vehicles

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Electronics

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In order to meet the increasing needs of the hybrid energy source system for electric vehicles, which demand bidirectional power flow capability with a wide-voltage-conversion range, a bidirectional three-level DC-DC converter and some control strategies for hybrid energy source electric vehicles are proposed. The proposed topology is synthesized from Buck and Boost three-level DC-DC topologies with a high voltage-gain and non-extreme duty cycles, and the bidirectional operation principle is analyzed. In addition, the inductor current ripple can be effectively reduced within the permitted duty cycle range by the coordinated control between the current fluctuation reduction and the non-extreme duty cycles. Furthermore, benefitting from duty cycle disturbance control, series-connected capacitor voltages can also be well balanced, even with the discrepant rise and fall time of power switches and the somewhat unequal capacitances of series-connected capacitors. Finally, experiment results of the bidirectional operations are given to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed converter and control strategies. It is shown to be suitable for hybrid energy source electric vehicles.

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Section: Control Strategy Of Bidirectional Power Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to (10) and (11), the proper restriction function can be k Boostmin =0.1 when the duty cycles are closer to 0.5, as shown in Fig. 15(a), d 3 ≈0.44, and d 4 ≈0.41.…”

Section: B In the Boost Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bidirectional Three-level DC-DC Converter with a Wide Voltage Conversion Range for Hybrid Energy Source Electric Vehicles

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Electronics

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“…The BMS in each battery pack calculates the maximum power of the corresponding storage unit MaxDisch ) that can be delivered to the HV-DC link as well as the maximum power, the battery can absorb from the DC link ( MaxCharge ). These calculations follow the maximum current rating of the converter and the above mentioned limits of the battery cells and are based on self-adapting onboard diagnostic algorithms, as described in [9] in order to determine the state of the battery for further power estimation [10]. A complex thermal battery model was developed in the project to support the algorithms with accurate temperature data [11].…”

Section: Calculation Of the Maximum Propulsion Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an Energy Management System for an Electric Vehicle with a split Battery Storage System

Becker¹,

Schaeper²,

Rothgang³

et al. 2013

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-Within the project 'e performance' supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) an electric vehicle, powered by two lithium-ion battery packs of different capacity and voltage has been developed. The required Energy Management System (EMS) in this system controls the current flows of both packs independently by means of two individual dc-dc converters. It acts as an intermediary between energy storage (battery management systems-BMS) and the drivetrain controller on the vehicle control unit (VCU) as well as the on-board charger. This paper describes the most important tasks of the EMS and its interfaces to the BMS and the VCU. To validate the algorithms before integrating them into the vehicle prototype, a detailed Matlab / Simulink-model was created in the project. Test procedures and results from the simulation as well as experiences and comparisons from the real car are presented at the end.

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“…One way to use the returned energy from braking is to store the energy it generates. Up to now, several methods have been proposed to store the energy generated by braking, such as using supercapacitors [16][17][18][19][20][21], flywheels [22][23][24][25][26] and batteries [27][28][29][30][31]. An exclusive review of these technologies can be found in [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Energy-Efficient Operation Methodology for Metro Systems Based on a Real Case of Shanghai Metro Line One

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2014

Energies

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Metro systems are one of the most important transportation systems in people's lives. Due to the huge amount of energy it consumes every day, highly-efficient operation of a metro system will lead to significant energy savings. In this paper, a new integrated Energy-efficient Operation Methodology (EOM) for metro systems is proposed and validated. Compared with other energy saving methods, EOM does not incur additional cost. In addition, it provides solutions to the frequent disturbance problems in the metro systems. EOM can be divided into two parts: Timetable Optimization (TO) and Compensational Driving Strategy Algorithm (CDSA). First, to get a basic energy-saving effect, a genetic algorithm is used to modify the dwell time of each stop to obtain the most optimal energy-efficient timetable. Then, in order to save additional energy when disturbances happen, a novel CDSA algorithm is formulated and proposed based on the foregoing method. To validate the correctness and effectiveness of the energy-savings possible with EOM, a real case of Shanghai Metro Line One (SMLO) is studied, where EOM was applied. The result shows that a significant amount of energy can be saved by using EOM. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 7306

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The power capability of ultracapacitors and lithium batteries for electric and hybrid vehicle applications

Cited by 224 publications

References 2 publications

A Bidirectional Three-level DC-DC Converter with a Wide Voltage Conversion Range for Hybrid Energy Source Electric Vehicles

A Bidirectional Three-level DC-DC Converter with a Wide Voltage Conversion Range for Hybrid Energy Source Electric Vehicles

Development and Validation of an Energy Management System for an Electric Vehicle with a split Battery Storage System

An Integrated Energy-Efficient Operation Methodology for Metro Systems Based on a Real Case of Shanghai Metro Line One

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