The Powdery Mildews: A Review of the World's Most Familiar (Yet Poorly Known) Plant Pathogens

Glawe, Dean A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.46.081407.104740

Cited by 381 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

288

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…foxtail, sorghum, wheat Mandadi et al (2014) Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis). Powdery mildew is a disease affecting a wide range of plant species, caused by various fungal species within the order Erysiphales (Glawe, 2008). Powdery mildew of cereals is caused by formae speciales of Blumeria graminis; wheat powdery mildew, caused by f. sp.…”

Section: Biotrophic Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cereal diseases cause tens of billions of dollars of losses annually and have devastating humanitarian consequences in the developing world. Increased understanding of the molecular basis of cereal host-pathogen interactions should facilitate development of novel resistance strategies. However, achieving this in most cereals can be challenging due to large and complex genomes, long generation times and large plant size, as well as quarantine and intellectual property issues that may constrain the development and use of community resources. Brachypodium distachyon (brachypodium) with its small, diploid and sequenced genome, short generation time, high transformability and rapidly expanding community resources is emerging as a tractable cereal model.Scope Recent research reviewed here has demonstrated that brachypodium is either susceptible or partially susceptible to many of the major cereal pathogens. Thus, the study of brachypodium-pathogen interactions appears to hold great potential to improve understanding of cereal disease resistance, and to guide approaches to enhance this resistance. This paper reviews brachypodium experimental pathosystems for the study of fungal, bacterial and viral cereal pathogens; the current status of the use of brachypodium for functional analysis of cereal disease resistance; and comparative genomic approaches undertaken using brachypodium to assist characterization of cereal resistance genes. Additionally, it explores future prospects for brachypodium as a model to study cereal-pathogen interactions.Conclusions The study of brachypodium-pathogen interactions appears to be a productive strategy for understanding mechanisms of disease resistance in cereal species. Knowledge obtained from this model interaction has strong potential to be exploited for crop improvement.

show abstract

Section: Biotrophic Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is particularly evident in the obligate biotrophs, such as rusts and powdery mildews. For example, the cereal powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis, penetrates living epidermal cells and, in compatible interactions in which disease is eventually manifested, a peg derived from a surface appressorium penetrates the cell wall and develops a multidigitate haustorium surrounded by a hostderived membrane (Glawe 2008). The host cell, which may be penetrated by many haustoria simultaneously, remains alive and provides nutrients to the fungus in order for it to produce the masses of conidia, visible as the eponymous "powder", on the plant surface (Both and Spanu 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Induced Gene Silencing in Barley Powdery Mildew Reveals a Class of Ribonuclease-Like Effectors

Pliego¹,

Nowara²,

Bonciani³

et al. 2013

MPMI

179

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obligate biotrophic pathogens of plants must circumvent or counteract defenses to guarantee accommodation inside the host. To do so, they secrete a variety of effectors that regulate host immunity and facilitate the establishment of pathogen feeding structures called haustoria. The barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei produces a large number of proteins predicted to be secreted from haustoria. Fifty of these Blumeria effector candidates (BEC) were screened by host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), and eight were identified that contribute to infection. One shows similarity to β-1,3 glucosyltransferases, one to metallo-proteases, and two to microbial secreted ribonucleases; the remainder have no similarity to proteins of known function. Transcript abundance of all eight BEC increases dramatically in the early stages of infection and establishment of haustoria, consistent with a role in that process. Complementation analysis using silencing-insensitive synthetic cDNAs demonstrated that the ribonuclease-like BEC 1011 and 1054 are bona fide effectors that function within the plant cell. BEC1011 specifically interferes with pathogen-induced host cell death. Both are part of a gene superfamily unique to the powdery mildew fungi. Structural modeling was consistent, with BEC1054 adopting a ribonuclease-like fold, a scaffold not previously associated with effector function.

show abstract

“…Powdery mildews are easily recognizable as white pustules on leaves and stems and are some of the most conspicuous plant diseases affecting a wide range of hosts (2). Powdery mildews are obligate biotrophs, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Planta Proteomics and Proteogenomics of the Biotrophic Barley Fungal Pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei>

Bindschedler

Burgis

Mills

et al. 2009

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To further our understanding of powdery mildew biology during infection, we undertook a systematic shotgun proteomics analysis of the obligate biotroph Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei at different stages of development in the host. Moreover we used a proteogenomics approach to feed information into the annotation of the newly sequenced genome. We analyzed and compared the proteomes from three stages of development representing different functions during the plant-dependent vegetative life cycle of this fungus. We identified 441 proteins in ungerminated spores, 775 proteins in epiphytic sporulating hyphae, and 47 proteins from haustoria inside barley leaf epidermal cells and used the data to aid annotation of the B. graminis f. sp. hordei genome. We also compared the differences in the protein complement of these key stages. Although confirming some of the previously reported findings and models derived from the analysis of transcriptome dynamics, our results also suggest that the intracellular haustoria are subject to stress possibly as a result of the plant defense strategy, including the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, a number of small haustorial proteins with a predicted N-terminal signal peptide for secretion were identified in infected tissues: these represent candidate effector proteins that may play a role in controlling host metabolism and immunity.

show abstract

The Powdery Mildews: A Review of the World's Most Familiar (Yet Poorly Known) Plant Pathogens

Cited by 381 publications

References 92 publications

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

Host-Induced Gene Silencing in Barley Powdery Mildew Reveals a Class of Ribonuclease-Like Effectors

In Planta Proteomics and Proteogenomics of the Biotrophic Barley Fungal Pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About