The Pottery Neolithic Period

Orrelle, Estelle; Gopher, Avi

doi:10.1007/0-306-47166-3_12

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The Pre-Pottery Neolithic C (PPNC, 8,100-7,600 uncal bp) was a short transitional period, which is associated with the gradual decline of the PPNB, possibly due to overexploitation of resources (Galili et al, 2005). The Pottery Neolithic period (PN, 7,600-7,000 uncal bp) marks the end of a transformation from a hunter-gatherer socioeconomic system to a fully agricultural economy, the introduction of pottery, and the end of hunting (Orrelle and Gopher, 2000).…”

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Evolutionary changes in the masticatory complex following the transition to farming in the southern Levant

Pinhasi

Eshed

Shaw

2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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A post-Pleistocene reduction trend in the dimensions of the masticatory complex followed the transition to agricultural lifestyle in several world regions. A major limitation of previous studies is large temporal gaps between the analyzed skeletal populations, which do not allow the detection and analysis of a diachronic morphological transition. In this work, we analyze a large number of specimens from the southern Levant, where agriculture first emerged in situ and for which there is a good diachronic sequence of the shift from a hunting-gathering way of life to a food producing, farming economy (12,000-7,000 uncalibrated bp). Changes in the masticatory complex are examined in the context of three prevailing dental reduction models: the Probable Mutation Effect (Brace,1963; Brace and Mahler,1971), Increasing Population Density Effect (Macchiarelli and Bondioli,1986) and Selective Compromise Effect (SCE) (Calcagno,1989). A series of linear regressions of dimension vs. time and coefficients of variation for each dimension are analyzed. Our results indicate significant reduction in the buccolingual but not mesiodistal dental dimensions and in the ramus breadth and anterior height dimensions of the mandible but not in its overall size. These findings, taken together with low coefficients of variation for the buccolingual dimensions, suggest selective pressure resulting in reduction of specific dimensions. The observed trend is in partial accordance with the SCE but differs from the trends observed in other regions, and is therefore best explained as a region-specific variant of the SCE.

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary changes in the masticatory complex following the transition to farming in the southern Levant

Pinhasi

Eshed

Shaw

2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Both types of data suggest endogamy within this LPPNB ‘megasite’, thus limiting the potential of employing isotopic evidence to document bridewealth. Beyond isotopes—and more speculatively—some have suggested that clay figurines depicting horned bovids and women from Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic sites might relate to bridewealth (Orrelle & Gopher 2000, 304; Russell 2012, 338), although such figurines may have alternatively been used in hunting magic or as toys (Rollefson 2008).…”

Section: The Case For Wealth In Livestock In the Lppnbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wealth in Livestock, Wealth in People, and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Jordan

Price¹,

Makarewicz²

2023

CAJ

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Within archaeology, the value of livestock is usually presented in terms of use values, the calories and products animals provide humans. Yet domestic animals are also sources of wealth that accrue symbolic and social values, tying livestock production to the reproduction of human social relations. Taking a Marxist perspective that recognizes dialectical relations between forms of value, we develop a model based on ethnographic examples in which the cycling between use value and social/symbolic values adhering to wealth in livestock are mobilized for the reproduction of ‘wealth in people’, or the accumulation of rights stemming from relationships between people. This model of cycling between forms of value can be applied to many ethnohistorical agropastoral political economies. We apply it to Pre-Pottery Neolithic B societies (c. 8500–7000 bc) in Jordan. During this time, the mode of production shifted from one grounded in the community to one centered on extended households. We suggest wealth in people was a key asset for LPPNB households and that wealth in livestock served as a major component of, and a particular ‘moment’ within, its reproduction. This might help explain the accelerated pace by which livestock production overtook hunting in the southern Levant in the eighth millennium bc.

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“…There are many theories that are based on the change in the diet as the main factor in the reduction of the masticatory complex in humans [ 12 , 15 , 20 ]. With the discovery of the fact that the development of dental germs and their differentiation into different functional groups (incisors, canines, premolars, molars) is under the control of signal molecules that are stimulated by different genes, two theories are formed: “Space theory” was proposed by Butler [ 5 ] and developed by Dahlberg [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Few dental indices in modern Bulgarian population from southern Bulgaria

Harizanova¹,

Baltadjiev²,

Popova³

et al. 2023

J Physiol Anthropol

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Aim The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population. Materials and methods The study included 232 Bulgarians aged 20–40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Four interdental indices were calculated: inter-incisive, premolar, upper, and lower molar indices. Results We found a decrease in the percentage ratio of the lateral to the central incisors of people from the Bulgarian population compared to those dating from the Eneolithic period on the territory of Bulgaria. Furthermore, we found a reduction in the percentage ratio of the upper and lower second molars compared to the first ones. The biggest reduction in the percentage ratio (more than 6%) was found in the lower second premolars compared to the first ones, which is characteristic for southern Bulgarians. Conclusion There was a dental reduction in all the distal members compared to the medial ones participating in one morphological dental group. As a result, we think that interdental indices can be used for explaining historical, cultural, and biological macro and microevolutionary processes and thus for understanding the origin, formation, contacts, and migration pathways of the different populations leading to ethnic variation of humanity. Therefore, they can be a reliable source of information in physiological anthropology.

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The Pottery Neolithic Period

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Evolutionary changes in the masticatory complex following the transition to farming in the southern Levant

Evolutionary changes in the masticatory complex following the transition to farming in the southern Levant

Wealth in Livestock, Wealth in People, and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Jordan

Few dental indices in modern Bulgarian population from southern Bulgaria

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