The Potentials and Challenges of Achieving Sustainability through Charcoal Producer Associations in Kenya: A Missed Opportunity?

Kamwilu, Esther; Duguma, Lalisa; Orero, Levi

doi:10.3390/su13042288

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Kenya, there is increasing adoption of agroforestry [34], which may significantly increase firewood and charcoal and thus reduce the urge to harvest wood from natural forests. Nevertheless, adoption rates of agroforestry practices for charcoal production in Kenya is largely anecdotal [13]. There are several fuelwood programmes were scaled down in the 1990s [33].…”

Section: Approaches To Address Fuelwood In Agroforestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global average fuelwood consumption stands at 0.27 m 3 /year. While it is clear that there is a difference in fuelwood consumption between urban and rural areas in these regions [12], majority of the rural dwellers still use fuel wood probably because of the availability, cultural preferences, economic factors, perceived absence of alternative sources of energy and poverty [10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Agroforestry in Sustainable Fuelwood Supply in Kenya

Kinyili¹

2022

JENR

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Sub Saharan African (SSA) region rely heavily on fuelwood for their energy needs and will potentially increase in the foreseeable future due to increased population growth in the region. The continued utilization of fuelwood in the region subject to inefficient technology of energy conversion is projected to put more increasing pressure on forest cover and resources. The decline in forest resources is a precursor to exploration of other resources that may provide energy to human, in which agroforestry comes in mind. Therefore, the aim of this discussion paper was to review the status of fuelwood consumption patterns in Kenya, while highlighting the status and sustainability of fuelwood sector in the country. One of the approaches to deal with fuelwood problem is to enhance adoption of agroforestry, with an aim of reducing the harvest of wood and non-wood products in forests through sustainable planting of trees in the farms. However, the main constraints identified in adopting agroforestry for sustainable forest management were: Lack of suitable laws, legislation and policy framework, unavailability of planting material, inadequacy of research and extension services, long gestation time, access to credit, and finally land tenure and security. In order to expand the adoption of agroforestry for sustainable forest resource use, there is a need for logical approach aimed in promoting a multi-purpose agroforestry system under local farming systems where there is still large land capable of sustaining the practice.

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Section: Approaches To Address Fuelwood In Agroforestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Agroforestry in Sustainable Fuelwood Supply in Kenya

Kinyili¹

2022

JENR

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“…Despite the presence of the RIC empowerment program, the reasons why people still use firewood because of financial limitations, and their reluctance to change their traditional habits as firewood is still plentiful in these villages. Sulaiman and Abdul-Rahim (2020) and Kamwilu et al (2021) stated that most rural people use fuelwood to date due to its availability, cultural preferences, economic factors, unavailability of other energy sources and poverty.…”

Section: Sakumi Villagementioning

confidence: 99%

Tree species used for fuelwood by remote indigenous communities in West Papua, Indonesia: Implication of empowerment program

INDOW¹,

MATURBONGS²,

PRABAWARDANI³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Indow L, Maturbongs RA, Prabawardani S, Hendri. 2022. Tree species used for fuelwood by remote indigenous communities in West Papua, Indonesia: Implication of empowerment program. Biodiversitas 23: 3507-3512. Fuelwood still contributes as an essential energy source for domestic uses especially in rural communities including in West Papua, Indonesia. While several development programs are implemented to enhance the life quality of rural indigenous communities, their implication for fuelwood use is not clear. This study aimed to identify fuelwood tree species used by communities in three villages in West Papua and to, assess its availability prior to the empowerment program and compare it to nowadays after the program based on the community's perspective. A descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative data components was used in this study. Data were collected at predetermined villages representing three ecological zones (i.e., Sakumi, Jamboi and Watitindau) using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with community representatives, tribal chiefs and leaders. The results showed that there were 5-7 plant species used as fuelwood, namely Piper aduncum, Casuarina equisetifolia, Rhizophora sp., Gliricidia sepium, Intsia bijuga, Pometia pinnata, Dodonaea viscosa, Homalium foetidum, Syzygium sp. and Muntingia calabura. These all-wood species have a good flame. Some high commercial tree species such as I. bijuga, P. pinnata and H. foetidum are only used in their branches and twigs for firewood. The local communities still use firewood despite the empowerment program since alternative fuel sources are not available or lacking, while the availability of firewood is plentiful. Nonetheless, in the long run, the continuous and extensive use of firewood will put pressure on the remaining trees and forest. Therefore, we recommend sustainably using firewood and replanting several species frequently used as firewood.

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“…Inaccessibility may be as a result of legal issues especially in closed forest, management objectives, ownership that determines user rights, distance and infrastructures that makes accessibility difficult. However, about 40 to 75% of charcoal consumed in Kenya is produced in the semi-arid and arid lands (ASALs), mainly from woodlands, bushlands and wooded grasslands (Kamwilu et al, 2021). Therefore, woodfuel supply is at risk because ASALs are characterized as having low productivity of 2 to 4% per year and poor regeneration of harvested areas (Miyuki et al, 2014).…”

Section: A Case Study Of Supply Demand Balance Of Biomass Energy In K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable biomass energy production and utilization in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of Kenya

Timothy¹,

Joseph²,

Nellie³

et al. 2022

J. Hortic. For.

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This paper reviews biomass energy production and utilization trends, opportunities, challenges and strategies for sustainability in biomass energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is because despite various benefits provided by the resource, it receives little attention in terms of policy formulation and planning to enhance adequate investments and allocation of funds. Therefore, with increasing demand rate of 3.3% over 27% of woodfuel in SSA will continue being produced unsustainably using inefficient technologies; leading to a deforestation and degradation rate of over 3.5 million ha per year. The situation is worse in some countries like Kenya where over 40% of biomass energy especially is obtained from arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) characterized by less than 4% productivity rate due to poor regeneration and vegetation growth rates. Thus there is need to implement various strategies including adoption of improved and efficient production and utilization technologies, increase on-farm tree planting and enhanced tree out-grower systems, enactment and proper implementation of biomass energy policies, establishment of reliable biomass energy database, and recognition of biomass energy benefits to the society. These will foster integration of biomass energy into planning programmes to enhance investments in the sector and reduce biomass energy resource overexploitation.

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The Potentials and Challenges of Achieving Sustainability through Charcoal Producer Associations in Kenya: A Missed Opportunity?

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Potential of Agroforestry in Sustainable Fuelwood Supply in Kenya

Potential of Agroforestry in Sustainable Fuelwood Supply in Kenya

Tree species used for fuelwood by remote indigenous communities in West Papua, Indonesia: Implication of empowerment program

Sustainable biomass energy production and utilization in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of Kenya

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