The potential use of salivary nitrite as a marker of NO status in humans

Bryan, Nathan S.

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2014.12.011

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…If salivary NO 2 − reflected plasma NO 2 − , it could be an easy way to measure endothelial function, as suggested recently [1]. However, we found no relation between basal and salivary NO 2 − (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…However, based on the nitrate-nitrite-NO cycle, one may also suggest that salivary NO 2 − could have the same utility, as recently pointed out [1]. Indeed, commercially available products exist that measure salivary NO 2 − and claim to report NO bioavailability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Determining a diagnostic marker of endogenous NO bioavailability has been a major topic of research, one which would have clinical implications for monitoring cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions [1; 2; 3; 4]. Endothelial dysfunction has been noted as a key event in early atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between plasma and salivary NOx

et al. 2015

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Several studies have shown that fasting plasma nitrite (NO2−) is an indicator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity while plasma nitrate (NO3−) or the sum of NO2− and NO3− (NOx) do not reflect NOS function. Plasma NO2− can also be elevated through dietary NO3− where the NO3− is partially reduced to NO2− by oral bacteria and enters the plasma through the digestive system. NO3− is taken up from plasma by salivary glands and the cycle repeats itself. Thus, one may propose that salivary NO2− is an indicator of plasma NO2− and consequently of NO production. Many brands of nitric oxide (NO) saliva test strips have been developed that suggest that their product is indicative of circulatory NO availability. However, data supporting a relationship between salivary and plasma NO2− or NO bioavailability is lacking. Here we have measured basal salivary and plasma NO2− and NO3− to determine if any correlation exists between these in 13 adult volunteers. We found no significant correlation between basal salivary and plasma NO2−. Also no correlation exists between salivary NO3− and plasma NO2−. However, we did see a correlation between salivary NO3− and plasma NO3−, and between salivary NO2− and plasma NO3−. In a separate study, we compared the efficiency of salivary NO3− reduction with the efficacy of increasing plasma NO3− and NO2− after drinking beet juice, a high NO3−-containing beverage, in 10 adult volunteers. No significant correlation was observed between the ex vivo salivary reduction of NO3− to NO2− and plasma increases in NO3− or NO2−. These results suggest that measures of salivary NO3−, NO2− or NOx are not good indicators of endothelial function. In addition, the efficiency of saliva to reduce NO3− to NO2− ex-vivo does not demonstrate one’s ability to increase plasma NO2− following consumption of dietary NO3−.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The relationship between plasma and salivary NOx

et al. 2015

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“…There is some limited potential to incorporate saliva nitrite measures in research studies using the strips as a semi-quantitative measure and surrogate for the lab measures of salivary nitrite, where these are secondary measures or covariates in the study. The ability to assess and monitor nitrite levels in patients may have a profound implication for cardiometabolic health and well-being (48). The findings of this study indicate that saliva strips are strongly correlated with lab measures of saliva nitrite but are weakly related with serum nitrite and serum nitrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of two point-of-care tests against standard lab measures of NO in saliva and in serum

et al. 2017

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“…Oral bacteria play an important role in nitrite production 9 . Because of nitric oxide's high volatility in human body fluids such as saliva, its end metabolite nitrite could be used as a nitric oxide synthesis indicator 10,11 . Nitrite changes could interfere with heart function 12 and blood pressure 13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%