The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Hu, Jiulue; Stojanović, Jelena; Yasamineh, Saman; Yasamineh, Pooneh; Karuppannan, Sathish Kumar; Dowlath, Mohammed Junaid Hussain; Serati-Nouri, Hamed

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05152-5

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…The non-natural double-stranded RNA synthesized using this technology is designed to have a 5′ end with a motif that is partially complementary to a specified sequence in the 3′-UTR of the target gene. If this piece of RNA, which mimics an endogenous miRNA, is present in the cell, it can attach specifically to its target gene and cause post-transcriptional inhibition of the target gene [ 178 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antagomirs (also known as blockmirs) are synthetically designed molecules that are used to antagonize miRNAs oligonucleotides. Antagomirs are entirely complementary to the mature miRNA sequence and contain a variety of phosphonothioate moieties to increase their stability [ 178 ]. Steric blocking mechanism, as well as hybridization to miRNA, allows these anti-miRs to be used as an additional control and for treatment of certain cellular disorders.…”

Section: Covid-19 Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steric blocking mechanism, as well as hybridization to miRNA, allows these anti-miRs to be used as an additional control and for treatment of certain cellular disorders. If we can identify the miRNA sequences involved in viral infections, the utilization of anti-miRs, as a promising therapy to disrupt the pathways that induce the up- or downregulation of cell proteins that result in the appearance of disease symptoms, will be achieved [ 178 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm

Abusalah

Khalifa

Al-Hatamleh

et al. 2022

JPM

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the world and triggered drastic changes in our lifestyle to control it. Despite the non-typical efforts, COVID-19 still thrives and plagues humanity worldwide. The unparalleled degree of infection has been met with an exceptional degree of research to counteract it. Many drugs and therapeutic technologies have been repurposed and discovered, but no groundbreaking antiviral agent has been introduced yet to eradicate COVID-19 and restore normalcy. As lethality is directly correlated with the severity of disease, hospitalized severe cases are of the greatest importance to reduce, especially the cytokine storm phenomenon. This severe inflammatory phenomenon characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators can be targeted to relieve symptoms and save the infected patients. One of the promising therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19 is nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches, including microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is an up-to-date review aimed to comprehensively discuss the current nucleic acid-based therapeutics against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, taking into consideration the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as providing potential future directions. miRNAs can be used to run interference with the expression of viral proteins, while endogenous miRNAs can be targeted as well, offering a versatile platform to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. By targeting these miRNAs, the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm can be suppressed. Therefore, nucleic acid-based therapeutics (miRNAs included) have a latent ability to break the COVID-19 infection in general and quell the cytokine storm in particular.

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Section: Covid-19 Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 Nucleic Acid-based Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm

Abusalah

Khalifa

Al-Hatamleh

et al. 2022

JPM

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“…Recent evidence has indicated that, in general, endogenous human miRNAs (small, single-stranded~22 nt RNAs, such as miRNA-146a) might have a significant antiviral role and hence may be useful to the host in an innate-immune defense by targeting the single-stranded viral ribonucleic acid (ssvRNA) genomes of several different neurotropic viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, and function to downregulate or modulate their expression [77,78]. To this end, and to quote just one recent example, RNA sequencing and other analytical genetics in RNA-based sequence studies have shown that at least~160 of the~2650 of the 18-22 nt naturally occurring human single-stranded miRNAs have per-fect complementarity within the miRNA-mRNA 'seed region' of the SARS-CoV-2 ssvRNA genome, and these include the unique hsa-miRNA-146a ribonucleotide sequence and those of other related microRNA gene families [47,73,[79][80][81]. Interestingly, the apparent lack of nucleic acids detectable within the prion particle indicates that some yet poorly understood pathological mechanism is responsible for the prion-mediated upregulation of miRNA-146a when neurons are confronted with infection by these neurological-disease inducing sialoglycoproteins [16,53,60,75,82,83].…”

Section: Neurotropic Viral-mediated Induction Of Hsa-mirna-146a-5pmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNA-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection and Prion Disease (PrD)

Pogue¹,

Lukiw

2021

IJMS

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The human brain and central nervous system (CNS) harbor a select sub-group of potentially pathogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), including a well-characterized NF-kB-sensitive Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miRNA-146a-5p (miRNA-146a). miRNA-146a is significantly over-expressed in progressive and often lethal viral- and prion-mediated and related neurological syndromes associated with progressive inflammatory neurodegeneration. These include ~18 different viral-induced encephalopathies for which data are available, at least ~10 known prion diseases (PrD) of animals and humans, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other sporadic and progressive age-related neurological disorders. Despite the apparent lack of nucleic acids in prions, both DNA- and RNA-containing viruses along with prions significantly induce miRNA-146a in the infected host, but whether this represents part of the host’s adaptive immunity, innate-immune response or a mechanism to enable the invading prion or virus a successful infection is not well understood. Current findings suggest an early and highly interactive role for miRNA-146a: (i) as a major small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) regulator of innate-immune responses and inflammatory signaling in cells of the human brain and CNS; (ii) as a critical component of the complement system and immune-related neurological dysfunction; (iii) as an inducible sncRNA of the brain and CNS that lies at a critical intersection of several important neurobiological adaptive immune response processes with highly interactive associations involving complement factor H (CFH), Toll-like receptor pathways, the innate-immunity, cytokine production, apoptosis and neural cell decline; and (iv) as a potential biomarker for viral infection, TSE and AD and other neurological diseases in both animals and humans. In this report, we review the recent data supporting the idea that miRNA-146a may represent a novel and unique sncRNA-based biomarker for inflammatory neurodegeneration in multiple species. This paper further reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the nature and mechanism of miRNA-146a in viral and prion infection of the human brain and CNS with reference to AD wherever possible.

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“…Thus, human miRNAs can have a dual role: they can promote the stability and replication of viral RNA, or they can reinforce the host antiviral response. Consequently, miRNAs are considered as promising tools to explore the regulatory networks behind the immune response to COVID-19 infection and to vaccination [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs as Potential Tools for Predicting Cancer Patients’ Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination Response

Dias

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Cells

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is caused by a highly contagious and severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infection started to spread across the world in 2019 and rapidly turned into a global pandemic, causing an urgent necessity for treatment strategies development. The mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an immune response, providing genetic information that allows the production of spike glycoproteins. MiRNAs play a crucial role in diverse key cellular processes, including antiviral defense. Several miRNAs are described as key factors in SARS-CoV-2 human infection through the regulation of ACE2 levels and by the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and spike expression. Consequently, these molecules have been considered as highly promising biomarkers. In numerous human malignancies, it has been recognized that miRNAs expression is dysregulated. Since miRNAs can target SARS-CoV-2-associated mRNAs, in cancer patients, the deregulation of these molecules can impair the immune response to the vaccines. Therefore, in this review, we propose a miRNA profile of seven SARS-CoV-2-related miRNAs, namely miR-214, miR-98-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-15b-5p, that are deregulated in a high number of cancers and have the potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers to stratify cancer patients.

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The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 27 publications

References 195 publications

Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm

Nucleic Acid-Based COVID-19 Therapy Targeting Cytokine Storms: Strategies to Quell the Storm

microRNA-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection and Prion Disease (PrD)

MicroRNAs as Potential Tools for Predicting Cancer Patients’ Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination Response

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