The potential use of lignin as a platform product in biorefineries: A review

Poveda-Giraldo, Jhonny Alejandro; Solarte-Toro, Juan Camilo; Álzate, Carlos Ariel Cardona

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110688

Cited by 153 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Condensation reactions forming C-C bonds between phenolic units also occur [7][8][9]. Kraft lignin can be used in materials applications or transformed in various aromatic or aliphatic building blocks through thermochemical, chemical and biochemical pathways [10][11][12]. Scheme 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin with Solvothermal Approach

et al. 2021

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Lignin is a natural biopolymer present in lignocellulosic biomass. During paper pulp production with the Kraft process, it is solubilized and degraded in Kraft lignin and then burned to recover energy. In this paper, the solvolysis of Kraft lignin was studied in water and in water/alcohol mixtures to produce oligomers and monomers of interest, at mild temperatures (200–275 °C) under inert atmosphere. It was found that the presence of alcohol and the type of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) greatly influenced the amount of oligomers and monomers formed from lignin, reaching a maximum of 48 mg·glignin−1 of monomers with isopropanol as a co-solvent. The impact of the addition of various solid catalysts composed of a metal phase (Pd, Pt or Ru) supported on an oxide (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2) was investigated. In water, the yield in monomers was enhanced by the presence of a catalyst and particularly by Pd/ZrO2. However, with an alcoholic co-solvent, the catalyst only enhanced the formation of oligomers. Detailed characterizations of the products with FTIR, 31P-NMR, 1H-NMR and HSQC NMR were performed to elucidate the chemical transformations occurring during solvolysis. The nature of the active catalytic specie was also investigated by testing homogeneous palladium catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin with Solvothermal Approach

et al. 2021

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“…The main transformation strategies developed to date can be grouped into biochemistry, thermochemistry, and chemistry. The biochemical route focuses on the biological conversion of lignin and its derivatives to high-value products using bacteria, fungi, and enzymes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Thermochemistry applied to lignin can be divided into oxidative, reductive, pyrolytic, hydrolytic, and gasification processes [9,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrolysis, hydroprocessing, and oxidation are used in the chemistry-based route. A number of catalysts can be used in all these processes to increase yields and selectivity [9,19,[21][22][23]25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal catalysts and supported metal catalysts were employed in the presence of hydrogen to convert lignin into monomers in hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation processes. [9,21,25,[31][32][33][34][35]. The Ni/Al alloy was utilized as starting material to produce a catalyst in novel hydrogenolysis: this was obtained exposing Ni, the active phase, by etching Al atoms in an alkaline aqueous solution [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst

et al. 2021

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The use of lignocellulosic biomass to obtain biofuels and chemicals produces a large amount of lignin as a byproduct. Lignin valorization into chemicals needs efficient conversion processes to be developed. In this work, hydrocracking of organosolv lignin was performed by using nickel Raney catalyst. Organosolv lignin was obtained from the pretreatment of eucalyptus wood at 170 °C for 1 h by using 1/100/100 (w/v/v) ratio of biomass/oxalic acid solution (0.4% w/w)/1-butanol. The resulting organic phase of lignin in 1-butanol was used in hydrogenation tests. The conversion of lignin was carried out with a batch reactor equipped with a 0.3 L vessel with adjustable internal stirrer and heat control. The reactor was pressurized at 5 bar with hydrogen at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 250 °C and kept for 30 min. Operative conditions were optimized to achieve high conversion in monomers and to minimize the loss of solvent. At the best performance conditions, about 10 wt % of the lignin was solubilized into monomeric phenols. The need to find a trade-off between lignin conversion and solvent side reaction was highlighted.

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“…Moreover, the global goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aim to avoid overlap or to contradict these goals and new proposals such as the circular economy, reuse economy and bioeconomy (Figure 1), mainly for reduction in raw material consumption, fossil energy and production of waste. In the same direction, bioeconomy proposes a circular economy based on agricultural and forest products and biological wastes, for the production of biobased products, biofuels and bioenergy, sometimes using biorefineries [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery

Rachid-Casnati¹,

Resquín²,

Carrasco-Letelier³

2021

Preprint

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The current Global Climate Change, the 2030 Agenda and the Planetary boundaries have driven new development strategies, such as the circular economy, bioeconomy and biorefineries. In this framework, this study analyzes the potential availability and sustainability of the wood supply chain for a small-scale biorefinery aiming at producing 280–300 L of bioethanol per ton dry biomass, consuming 30,000 t of dry biomass per year harvested in a 50 km radius. This wood production goal was assessed from Eucalyptus grandis stands planted for solid wood in northeastern Uruguay. Moreover, to understand the environmental performance of this biomass supply chain, the energy return on investment (EROI), carbon footprint (CF) and potential soil erosion were also assessed. The results showed that the potential wood production would supply an average of 81,800 t of dry mass per year, maintaining the soil erosion below the upper threshold recommended, an EROI of 2.3 and annual CF of 1.22 kg CO2-eq m–3 (2.6 g CO2-eq MJ–1). Combined with the environmental performance of the bioethanol biorefinery facility, these results would show acceptable values of sustainability according to EU Directive 2009/28/ec because the bioethanol CF becomes 1.7% of this petrol’s CF.

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The potential use of lignin as a platform product in biorefineries: A review

Cited by 153 publications

References 144 publications

Catalytic Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin with Solvothermal Approach

Catalytic Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin with Solvothermal Approach

Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst

Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery

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