The Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Osteoradionecrosis

Abstract

As one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even leads to death. Vascular injury and immune disorders are the main causes of bone lesions. The traditional conservative treatment of ORN has a low cure rate and high recurrent. Exosomes are a type of extracellular bilayer lipid vesicles secreted by almost all cell types. It contains cytokines, proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive cargos, which contribute to several distinct processes. The favorable biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC exosomes) include angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation. Exploring the characteristic of ORN and MSC exosomes can promote bone regeneration therapies. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of ORN and MSC exosomes and highlighted the potential application of MSC exosomes in ORN treatment.

Understanding exosomes: Part 2—Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine

“…further highlighted the potential for exosomes to improve necrotic tissues caused by osteoradionecrosis. 772 While this field is still in its infancy and protocols remain to be developed, there is great therapeutic potential for utilizing exosomes to treat radiation damage. Note: Reprinted with permission from Shen and Chen.…”

“…In the article proposed by Li et al., 763 exosomes were shown to play a role following radiation on (1) lungs, (2) skin, (3) intestinal, (4) testicular, (5) bone, and (6) hemopoietic system (Figure 22, Table 25). A recent study titled: “The therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis.” further highlighted the potential for exosomes to improve necrotic tissues caused by osteoradionecrosis 772 . While this field is still in its infancy and protocols remain to be developed, there is great therapeutic potential for utilizing exosomes to treat radiation damage.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Orthopedic Diseases: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential

“…[135] MSC exosomes are potential candidates for osteoradionecrosis therapy because of their unique biological properties and multiple physiological effects. [136] MSC exosomes are more biocompatible than MSCs, and can easily avoid immune rejection when transferred to the damaged tissue. [137] MSC-derived exosomes have excellent biological functions, including angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and bone regeneration.…”

“…Radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells were significantly decreased after exposure to MSC exosomes. [136] In addition, exosomes derived from human BM-MSCs could improve cartilage regeneration by decreasing collagenase levels, and suppress macrophage activation and chondrocyte apoptosis to treat joint damage. [138] Moreover, human BM-MSCs transplantation promotes the production of bone marrow and megakaryocytes in mice.…”