The potential therapeutic role of camel milk exosomes – A review

Abstract

Exosomes (EXOs) are naturally occurring tiny extracellular nanovesicles, which emancipate into the extracellular environment by exocytosis. By moving vital biological molecules (DNA, mRNA proteins, etc), EXOs contribute to intercellular communications. Camel milk (CM) as a valuable food, is rich of EXO. Nowadays, EXOs are promising delivery agents for several diseases therapy. Camel milk exosomes (CMEXOs) have unique ingredients in comparison to other animal milks. It is documented that CMEXOs reduce the growth of cancer cells through inducing apoptosis, inhibation of oxidative stress and inflammation occurance. By inhibation of inflammatory, and apoptosis pathways, CMEXOs could inhibit numerous of pathways, leading to adverse effects, due to drug levels over the therapeutic window. Moreover, CMEXOs exhibited a prominent property in improving the antioxidant capability in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, the anti-angiogenesis property of CMEXOs was illustrated via decrease in expression of the angiogenesis-related gene; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is expected that exosomal lactoferrin (LF) and kappa casein (KC) mRNAs are crucial parts of CMEXOs mediating their anticancer effects. The immunomodulatory effect of CMEXOs may be attributed to their high contents of LF and KC. According to previous works, CMEXOs are favorable elements in developing new therapeutic methods to remedy innumerable diseases. This review aims to provide an overview on the isolation, characterization and biological activities of the exosomes derived from camel milk for address their possible use in therapeutics.

Development and application of a 1K functional liquid chip for lactation performance in Bactrian camels

“…The versatile applications of Bactrian camels, such as their provision of milk, meat, and down, in addition to their adaptability to various ecological conditions, render them a crucial species in both contemporary and conventional agricultural practices. Notably, their milk is not only a dietary staple but also renowned for its medicinal properties, making it a crucial resource for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes ( 1–3 ). However, the full potential of Bactrian camel milk production is yet to be harnessed, often limited by the lack of advanced breeding strategies that focus on lactation performance traits.…”