The potential roles of aluminum chloride and sodium fluoride on the neurotoxicity of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of male rat offspring

Abstract

Background: This study highlights the potential toxic effects of aluminum chloride and sodium fluoride (NaF), given to pregnant female rats, on the development of the brain neurotransmission systems in their offspring. Pregnant female rats received a daily dose of NaF (0.15 g/L) or AlCl 3 (0.5 g/L) in the drinking deionized water, either separately or in combination with each other, starting from the 6th day of gestation till the end of the breastfeeding period. After weaning, the male offspring were divided into two subgroups; in the first one, the offspring continued to have the same treatments in their drinking water at the same dose levels, as were provided to the mothers, until the age of 70 days of postnatal life. In the second subgroup, the pups were provided with a drinking deionized water without the treatments for a similar period of time. At the end of the experimental period, the contents of the brain monoamine neurotransmitters, as well as the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were assessed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. In addition, the offspring were subjected to the exploratory behavioral test. Results: The results revealed that sodium fluoride and aluminum chloride induced sever perturbation and imbalance in the neurotransmission systems under investigation. The pattern of change and severity differed with the different brain areas. The combination of the two pollutants exerted general synergistic impacts with different specific response in the different brain area. Conclusion:It is concluded from this study that the exposure to sodium fluoride and aluminum chloride, either separately or in combination, induced profound disturbances in the transmission within the rat brain monoamine systems and subsequent undesirable impact on the animal's behavioral aspects.

A Leaf Extract of Harrisonia abyssinica Ameliorates Neurobehavioral, Histological and Biochemical Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Reduced levels of neurotransmitters belonging to the biogenic amine family in the brain is connected with a decline in memory in aging people [35]. In our study, AlCl 3 significantly reduced noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin levels in rat brains, in agreement with Kinawy et al [36] and Foster et al [37]. The treatment of rats with the extract significantly increased all monoamine levels.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Rosa damascena Extract against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Brain Damage in Rat Offspring

“…Al can act as a neurotoxin that has a wide efect on multiple organs [2]. It has been observed that aluminum easily enters the brain and accumulates in it, and the highest amount is seen in younger rats, indicating the importance of accumulating this metal in the early life of the animal [3]. Some of the diseases that have been proven to be associated with aluminum are Parkinson's disease, dementia, and Alzheimer's [4][5][6][7].…”

Exogenous Melatonin Ameliorates Pontine Histoarchitecture and Associated Oxidative Damage in Sodium Fluoride Induced Toxicity

“…17,18 Existing literature have been associated with fluoride exposure to the cause of neurological motor and cognitive deficit in both matured and growing brains. 19,20 Although, there has been lack of data to support the effect of fluoride on autonomic functions and possible therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the present study was initiated to evaluate the impact of sodium fluoride through drinking water on the activities of the pons.…”