The Potential Role of Nutrition in Lung Cancer Establishment and Progression

Abstract

Lung cancer is a devastating disease with a high incidence and low survival rates, so recent studies have focused on analyzing the risk factors that might prevent this disease from developing or have protective/therapeutic effects. Nutrition is an important key factor in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Various factors appear to be involved in the development of the latter, such as cigarette smoking or certain external environmental factors. The increase in oxidative stress is therefore an integral part of the carcinogenesis process. The biological role of bioactive factors derived from adipose tissue, mainly adipokines, is implicated in various cancers, and an increasing body of evidence has shown that certain adipocytokines contribute to the development, progression and prognosis of lung cancer. Not all adipokines stimulate tumor growth; in fact, adiponectin inhibits carcinogenesis by regulating both cell growth and the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Adiponectin expression is deregulated in several cancer types. Many nutritional factors have been shown to increase adiponectin levels and therefore could be used as a new therapeutic strategy for combating lung cancer. In addition, foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties play a key role in the prevention of many human diseases, including lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of diet in lung cancer in order to recommend dietary habit and lifestyle changes to prevent or treat this pathology.

Simulate the Dynamic Interactions Across Nutritional Supplements, the Polybiome, and the Biochemical Approach Dependent on Patient-Derived Gastrointestinal Knowledge

“…Colonic xenografts may lend credibility to the discoveries of noncommunicable diseases and nutritional surveys and questionnaires, as well as shed light on the mechanisms involved. [254,255]. The make-up of an individual's gastrointestinal microbiota has a direct bearing on the kinds of byproducts that are created by the microbes that reside there, as well as the amount of those byproducts and the physicochemical characteristics they exhibit.…”

Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk

“…Figure 4 summarizes the potential mechanisms by which the environmental toxicants can induce LC. However, it is worth noting that the environmental, dietary, and life habit factors could influence the molecular pathologies and pathogenic processes of LC [ 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 ]. For example, by reducing oxidative stress levels, DNA oxidative damage, and modulating epigenetics, some nutrients and phytochemicals could have antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties that can affect or prevent LC pathogenesis [ 167 , 168 ].…”

Bioelectrical impedance analysis—derived phase angle (PhA) in lung cancer patients: a systematic review

“…Cancer patients are more likely to become malnourished, with a prevalence ranging from 20.0% to 80.0% [ 10 ]. Recent studies indicate that dietary nutrient deficiency in cancer patients may induce unintentional body weight loss to sarcopenia, up to cachexia [ 11 ]. It is known that malnutrition was prevalent in advanced LC patients [ 12 ]: up to 84% of them showed malnutrition status during illness, which can be worsened by ongoing neoadjuvant treatment [ 12 – 17 ].…”