The potential role of nicotinamide on Leishmania tropica: An assessment of inhibitory effect, cytokines gene expression and arginase profiling

Anti-leishmanial activity of Avicennia marina (Avicenniaceae family) leaves hydroalcoholic extract and its possible cellular mechanisms

“…The relative amount of formazan produced by viable cells was measured photometrically at 450 nm using a plate reader (BioTek-ELX800, USA). The IC 50 and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC 50 ) values were determined by the probit test of SPSS software version 20 ( Oliaee et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Amastigote burden was compared between both test and control groups. Finally the IC 50 value was calculated by the probit test ( Oliaee et al, 2020 ).…”

The potential role of lipopeptide biosurfactant generated by Acinetobacter junii B6 on Leishmania tropica: The synergy of lipopeptide biosurfactant and Glucantime

“…The value of IC 50 was determined through the Probit test and SPSS 21. All experimental procedures were carried out three times [11].…”

“…The importance of CD 4+ Th1 cells in generating IL-12 -and IFN, as well as infection healing, has been demonstrated in animal model studies, as opposed to Th2 cells' function in disease development through IL-10 [10]. Therefore, the disease outcome in mice affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis can be associated with the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines [11]. Since traditional therapy has presented signi cant obstacles, substituting new drugs or combining therapies may be a viable alternative for an improved treatment [11].…”

“…Therefore, the disease outcome in mice affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis can be associated with the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines [11]. Since traditional therapy has presented signi cant obstacles, substituting new drugs or combining therapies may be a viable alternative for an improved treatment [11]. LPB produced by A. junii B6 is diverse and complex structures including a hydrophobic fatty acid part, linking to a hydrophobic peptide chain.…”