The potential role of mangiferin in cancer treatment through its immunomodulatory, anti‐angiogenic, apoptopic, and gene regulatory effects

Abstract

Mangiferin (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-D-glucoside) is a natural bioactive xanthonoid that can be found in many plant species, among which the mango tree (Mangifera indica L), a plant widely used in the traditional medicinal, is one of its primary sources. The use of mangiferin for cancer treatment has attracted the attention of research groups around the World. Single administration of mangiferin or in combination with known anticancer chemicals has shown the potential benefits of this molecule in lung, brain, breast, cervix, and prostate cancers, and leukemia. Mangiferin mechanisms of action against cancer cells through in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo models are discussed besides its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, pharmaceutical development and, therefore, clinical trials on cancer targets are still lacking. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(5):475-491, 2016.

Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas

“…Mangiferin has been proved to modulate Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway in healthy cells by increasing the Nrf2 half-life, the nuclear accumulation and the downstream production of NAD(P)H quinina reductase [67,68]. Many published studies also indicated mangiferin as a new promising anticancer bioactive compound [69] able to inhibit carcinogenesis and cancer cell growth by apoptosis induction both in vitro and in vivo systems [70]. It has also found application in cosmetics [71] due to both antioxidant and UV-protective action [72].…”

Repression of WT1-Mediated LEF1 Transcription by Mangiferin Governs β-Catenin-Independent Wnt Signalling Inactivation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Previous pharmacological studies have reported an inhibitory effect of mangiferin on different cancer cell lines such as those from breast cancer, leukaemia, astroglioma, and lung cancer [21]. The anti-tumour effect of mangiferin was primarily attributed to its suppressive effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell-cycle related proteins [22].…”

Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action

“…Mangiferin ( 3 ) ( Figure ) is another xanthone that has shown promising biological activity for cancer treatment, modulating several pathways involved in the progression of this disease. The major mechanism of action is the inhibition of the NF‐ κ B pathway, down‐regulating inflammation . It also causes cell cycle arrest, reduces the proliferation/metastasis of cancer cells, promotes apoptosis in malignant cells and protects against oxidative stress and DNA damage …”

“…indicated that mangiferin exerts a multiple‐level action on MCF‐7 cell proliferation, motility and viability by modulating proteasome and plasmin activities, and cholesterol synthesis, inhibiting microsomal HMG‐CoA reductase activity. The literature reports demonstrate that mangiferin exhibits low toxicity in normal cells and can enhance the efficacy of pro‐apoptotic chemotherapeutic agents, causing synergistic effects with oxaliplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin . Because of its low potency, the bioavailability of mangiferin must be carefully studied.…”