The potential of xanthones as a therapeutic option in macrophage-associated inflammatory diseases

Ng, Ida May Jen; Chua, Caroline Lin Lin

doi:10.4103/phrev.phrev_25_18

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, numerous studies do not move past experiments using in vivo mice models. Minimal data on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of xanthones including their bioavailability and safety profile thus limit the progression of xanthones through the drug development process (Ng and Chua, 2019). In addition, the issue of bioavailability has also driven the researchers to develop drug carriers or formulations to improve xanthone delivery to the target site (Asasutjarit et al, 2013;Pan-In et al, 2015;Mao et al, 2018;Pleguezuelos-Villa et al, 2019).…”

Section: Perspectives For Xanthone In Skin Inflammatory Diseases Resementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many reviews to date discuss on various biological activities of xanthones (Ibrahim et al, 2016;Aizat et al, 2019;Feng et al, 2020;Ong et al, 2020) with a recent review discussing the modulatory ability of xanthones on macrophage function and associated inflammatory diseases (Ng and Chua, 2019). The reviews on the potential of xanthones as anti-inflammatory agents for skin diseases are limited and no review has been focused extensively on their mechanisms of action in the context of skin inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application

et al. 2020

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The pathogenesis of skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, and skin cancers generally involve the generation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Exposure of the skin to external aggressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and xenobiotics induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which subsequently activates immune responses and causes immunological aberrations. Hence, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents were considered to be potential compounds to treat skin inflammatory diseases. A prime example of such compounds is xanthone (xanthene-9-one), a class of natural compounds that possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and chemotherapeutic effects. Many studies reported various mechanisms of action by xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. These mechanisms of action commonly involve the modulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Other mechanisms of action include the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, besides immune cell recruitment via modulation of chemokines, activation, and infiltration. Moreover, disease-specific activity contributed by xanthones, such as antibacterial action against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis for acne treatment, and numerous cytotoxic mechanisms involving pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects for skin cancer treatment have been extensively elucidated. Furthermore, xanthones have been reported to modulate pathways responsible for mediating oxidative stress and inflammation such as PPAR, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and prostaglandin cascades. These pathways were also implicated in skin inflammatory diseases. Xanthones including the prenylated α-mangostin (2) and γ-mangostin (3), glucosylated mangiferin (4) and the caged xanthone gambogic acid (8) are potential lead compounds to be further developed into pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. Future studies on the structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, and applications of xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases are thus highly recommended.

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Section: Perspectives For Xanthone In Skin Inflammatory Diseases Resementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application

et al. 2020

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“…This concept can be applied to the preparation of interesting structural compounds such as xanthones, thioxanthones and acridones by oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds of appropriate precursors. Thus, xanthones (9H-xanthen-9-ones) are interesting to prepare [22,23], as their structural motif is present in compounds showing a multitude of biological activities, including α-glucosidase inhibition, as well as anticancer, anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory properties [24][25][26][27]. Besides, thioxanthones have also shown interesting antitumor activities [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Xanthones, Thioxanthones and Acridones by a Metal-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Visible Light and Molecular Oxygen

Torregrosa-Chinillach

Chinchílla

2021

Molecules

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9H-Xanthenes, 9H-thioxanthenes and 9,10-dihydroacridines can be easily oxidized to the corresponding xanthones, thioxanthones and acridones, respectively, by a simple photo-oxidation procedure carried out using molecular oxygen as oxidant under the irradiation of visible blue light and in the presence of riboflavin tetraacetate as a metal-free photocatalyst. The obtained yields are high or quantitative.

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The mechanisms of action of prenylated xanthones against breast, colon, and lung cancers, and their potential application against drug resistance

et al. 2022

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The potential of xanthones as a therapeutic option in macrophage-associated inflammatory diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application

Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application

Synthesis of Xanthones, Thioxanthones and Acridones by a Metal-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Visible Light and Molecular Oxygen

The mechanisms of action of prenylated xanthones against breast, colon, and lung cancers, and their potential application against drug resistance

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