The potential of vehicle cooling systems

Abstract

Vehicle engine cooling systems have several functions. Excess heat removal from the engine helps to rapidly cool it, quickly reach operating temperature, maintain a constant engine operating temperature, and provide heat to the vehicle’s passenger compartment. Developments in the automotive industry, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, now also involve the temperature management of battery packs. Currently, the coolant used in cooling systems is water or an equivalent substance. Water as a coolant has low thermal conductivity. Therefore, researchers are trying to use nano-liquid as a coolant in the cooling system. Better results are expected by use of this alternative. Nano-liquids contain metal particles that enhance thermal transfer properties, so current and future cooling systems could operate more efficiently. Adding phase change materials to the cooling and air handling systems will result in better efficiency in future vehicles. In the case of hybrid and electric vehicles, the addition of thermoelectric generators to cooling and exhaust systems increase efficiency. Present developments help increase a vehicles’ usability and the possibility of achieving greater efficiency.

Direct conversion of thermal energy to stored electrochemical energy via a self-charging pyroelectrochemical cell

“…playground equipment, DT B 70 1C); 26 components from start-up to operation (DT B 190-790 1C). 27 In a typical IoT system, approximately 50 to 500 mJ per thermal cycle will enable a single measurement and data transmission event. [28][29][30][31] For a broadly applicable benchmark, we use 100 mJ cm À2 as a ''useful'' amount of energy for low-power IoT purposes.…”

A Novel Intelligent Fan Clutch for Large Hybrid Vehicles

“…An electromagnetic clutch can be electronically controlled to achieve multi-stage speed control, but with the introduction of additional control devices to reduce the reliability of the clutch, the structure is more complex, and for some hybrid vehicles in harsh environmental conditions, the traditional electromagnetic clutch struggles to ensure the stability of the work of the transmission system [15,16]. Based on this, in order to solve the defects of complex clutch structure, low reliability, and high power consumption in the transmission system of hybrid vehicles [17,18], in this paper, an intelligent fan clutch based on the shape memory effect of SMAs is proposed. The nonlinear friction torque generated by an SMA spring under thermal drive enables the clutch to have good transmission characteristics under any temperature of hybrid vehicles, and the self-adaptive nature of the clutch under different temperatures can realize intelligent speed regulation of the fan, solve the problems such as serious heating of the transmission system, and can significantly reduce energy consumption and improve the stability of the transmission system.…”

Possibilities for Improving the Cooling Systems of IC Engines of Marine Power Plants

“…Currently, various schemes of such systems with natural air or water cooling are used for marine power plants [1,2], for cars [3][4][5][6][7][8] and locomotives [9]. In addition, there are works [10,11], which consider engine cooling systems using refrigeration machines.…”