The potential of toe flexor muscles to enhance performance

Goldmann, Jan-Peter; Sanno, Maximilian; Willwacher, Steffen; Heinrich, Kai; Brüggemann, Gert–Peter

doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.736627

Cited by 105 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Morita et al [10] reported a significant association between TGS and performance on the 50-m sprint run, standing long jump and repeated side step in Japanese third and fifth grade elementary school children, with our results being in agreement. Toes can generate propulsive force during walking and running in adults [2,3] and toe flexor strength is an important factor to enhance jump performance [24]. A similar contribution of the TGS to propulsive force would be expected in preschool children and, therefore, it is logical that TGS was significantly associated with the 25-m sprint, 5-m shuttle run and standing long jump performance in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Association between Toe Grip Strength and Physical Performance Among Japanese Preschool Children

Uritani¹,

Fukumoto²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

Clin Res Foot Ankle

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Objective: To evaluate the association between Toe grip strength (TGS) and physical performance among preschool children in Japan.Methods: TGS was evaluated in 338 preschool children (178 boys, 160 girls), 4-6 years of age. The following physical performance tests were measured: hand grip strength (HGS), 25-m sprint run, 5-m shuttle run, standing long jump, and tennis ball throw, were measured. Participants were divided into five age groups of 6-month intervals, from the early 4-years-old group (48-53 months) to the early 6-years-old group (72-78 months). TGS was analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance, with a post-hoc test to assess between-sex differences and age-related changes. Associations between TGS and descriptive characteristics and physical performance were assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: TGS increased with development, being significantly greater in the early 6-years-old group than in the early and late 4-years-old group and early 5-years-old group. There was no between-sex difference in TGS within the same age group. TGS was associated with age in months and weight, but not with sex and height. TGS was also significantly associated with the 25-m sprint run, 5-m shuttle run and standing long jump performance, regardless of age, anthropometrics and HGS, in both sex, with the exception of the 5-m shuttle run in boys.Conclusion: TGS increased with age and was associated with enhanced lower-limb physical performance among preschool children and could provide a useful predictor of physical performance in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Association between Toe Grip Strength and Physical Performance Among Japanese Preschool Children

Uritani¹,

Fukumoto²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

Clin Res Foot Ankle

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“…The most impressive toe strength gains have been reported in 14 males who performed high resistance toe training, which resulted in a 60-70% increase in toe flexor strength. 10 These results suggest that increasing toe strength can lead to improved motor task performance in young adults.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 87%

Efficacy of a progressive resistance exercise program to increase toe flexor strength in older people

Mickle

Caputi

Potter

et al. 2016

Clinical Biomechanics

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“…When comparing sprinters, Sprinter B generated a higher normalised MTP plantarflexor moment than sprinters A and C (Table 1). This may be an important factor in his higher level of sprint performance as it has been suggested by Goldmann and Brüggemann (2012) and Goldmann, Sanno, Willwacher, Heinrich and Brüggemann (2013) that toe flexor muscles are important contributors to movements where an individual is in a forward leaning position (as is the case during early acceleration) and strength training of these muscles can improve performance in tasks which require a forward lean (i.e. horizontal jumping; Goldmann et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower limb joint kinetics during the first stance phase in athletics sprinting: three elite athlete case studies

Bezodis

Salo

Trewartha

2013

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Abstract:This study analysed the first stance phase joint kinetics of three elite sprinters to improve the understanding of technique and investigate how individual differences in technique could influence the resulting levels of performance. Force (1000 Hz) and video (200 Hz) data were collected and resultant moments, power and work at the stance leg metatarsal-phalangeal, ankle, knee and hip joints were calculated. The metatarsal-phalangeal and ankle joints both exhibited resultant plantarflexor moments throughout stance. Whilst the ankle joint generated up to four times more energy than it absorbed, the metatarsal-phalangeal joint was primarily an energy absorber. Knee extensor resultant moments and power were produced throughout the majority of stance, and the best performing sprinter generated double and four-times the amount of knee joint energy compared to the other two sprinters.The hip joint extended throughout stance. Positive hip extensor energy was generated during early stance before energy was absorbed at the hip as the resultant moment became flexor dominant towards toe-off. The generation of energy at the ankle appears to be of greater importance than in later phases of a sprint, whilst knee joint energy generation may be vital for early acceleration and is potentially facilitated by favourable kinematics at touchdown.

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The potential of toe flexor muscles to enhance performance

Cited by 105 publications

References 36 publications

Association between Toe Grip Strength and Physical Performance Among Japanese Preschool Children

Association between Toe Grip Strength and Physical Performance Among Japanese Preschool Children

Efficacy of a progressive resistance exercise program to increase toe flexor strength in older people

Lower limb joint kinetics during the first stance phase in athletics sprinting: three elite athlete case studies

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