The potential of the natural gas grid to accommodate hydrogen as an energy vector in transition towards a fully renewable energy system

Danieli, Piero; Lazzaretto, Andrea; Al-Zaili, Jafar; Sayma, A. I.; Masi, Massimo; Carraro, Gianluca

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118843

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In this context, the main challenges of the development of green hydrogen economy are the requirements of adequate facilities for hydrogen transportation distribution and storage. Therefore the future of hydrogen, as energy carrier, depends on the realization of infrastructure that can delivery it to industrial, commercial and residential users (Danieli et al 2022). At present, worldwide there are only 16,000 km of dedicate hydrogen pipeline, whereas natural gas pipeline extend beyond 2,90 million km (Kannaiyan et al 2023).…”

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen corridors in Europe: strategies and countries involved

Trincone

2024

European Transport/Trasporti Europei

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The European Union and other countries worldwide have identified fossil-free hydrogen as a key resource for implementing the transition to a low-carbon economy. The European Commission, which had already emphasised the importance of the hydrogen economy within the Green Deal Industrial Plan, has recently quantified the import target for 2030, 2024, and 2050. Unlike oil and gas reserves, renewable energy and green hydrogen have numerous potential producing or supplying countries; therefore, identifying trading partners requires several research and policy initiatives and the adoption of both technoeconomic and political criteria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prospect for the development of future hydrogen energy corridors and how European states are organising their political and transport strategies. These strategies design international transport and logistics chains that include the entire hydrogen value chain (production, export, storage and consumption). A new transport and logistics structure is expected for the energy distribution of this vector. Networks and transport nodes will be substantially involved in anticipation of an increase in demand for this type of energy carrier, both in the vicinity of ports, due to industrial demand, and within ports, for the transport and storage of this resource, assuming the increasingly central role of energy hubs and making their role more and more complex, going beyond the classic connotation of intermodal nodes.

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Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen corridors in Europe: strategies and countries involved

Trincone

2024

European Transport/Trasporti Europei

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“…Green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable energies and is deemed a crucial component of the broader effort to decarbonize the economy [3,4]. Beyond its role as a potential fuel for the automotive sector, hydrogen is also being explored as an energy vector to manage the variable energy outputs from renewable sources [5]. However, it is important to note that the majority of hydrogen currently originates from fossil resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Activities on a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine for Light-Duty Applications

Molina,

Novella,

Gomez-Soriano

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The increase in the overall global temperature and its subsequent impact on extreme weather events are the most critical consequences of human activity. In this scenario, transportation plays a significant role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are the main drivers of climate change. The decline of non-renewable energy sources, coupled with the aim of reducing GHG emissions from fossil fuels, has forced a shift towards a net-zero emissions economy. As an example of this transition, the European Union has set 2050 as the target for achieving carbon neutrality. Hydrogen (H2) is gaining increasing relevance as one of the most promising carbon-free energy vectors. If produced from renewable sources, it facilitates the integration of various alternative energy sources for achieving a carbon-neutral economy. Recently, interest in its application to the transportation sector has grown, including different power plant concepts, such as fuel cells or internal combustion engines. Despite exhibiting significant drawbacks, such as low density, combustion instabilities, and incompatibilities with certain materials, hydrogen is destined to become one of the future fuels. In this publication, experimental activities are reported that were conducted on a spark-ignition engine fueled with hydrogen at different operating points. The primary objective of this research is to gain a better understanding of the thermodynamic processes that control combustion and their effects on engine performance and pollutant emissions. The results show the emission levels, performance, and combustion characteristics under different conditions of dilution, load, and injection strategy and timing.

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“…Hydrogen is regarded as an ideal energy carrier due to its nontoxicity, sustainability, environmental friendliness, and high calorific value, which is suitable to support large-scale power generation of renewable energy and frequency regulation of the auxiliary power grid. The application of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as a power generator for vehicles and residential purpose is crucial to the development of hydrogen energy. − Currently, injecting green hydrogen into the natural gas network is regarded as a promising strategy for hydrogen transportation because the construction of the hydrogen delivery infrastructure or major modifications for the current nature gas pipeline are not needed. , However, trace impurities [e.g., hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), carbon monoxide (CO), , and organic pollutants , ] are inevitably introduced into the anode H 2 stream of PEMFCs during the hydrogen transportation process. Consequently, the PEMFC anode will be poisoned by these impurities, showing suppressed output cell performance and reduced durability, which is not beneficial for the long-term application of PEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2−4 Currently, injecting green hydrogen into the natural gas network is regarded as a promising strategy for hydrogen transportation because the construction of the hydrogen delivery infrastructure or major modifications for the current nature gas pipeline are not needed. 5,6 However, trace impurities [e.g., hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), 7 carbon monoxide (CO), 8,9 and organic pollutants 10,11 ] are inevitably introduced into the anode H 2 stream of PEMFCs during the hydrogen transportation process. Consequently, the PEMFC anode will be poisoned by these impurities, showing suppressed output cell performance and reduced durability, which is not beneficial for the long-term application of PEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intriguing H₂S Tolerance of the PtRu Alloy for Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis in PEMFCs: Weakened Pt–S Binding with Slower Adsorption Kinetics

Cui

Sun

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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High quality of hydrogen is the key to the long lifetime of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) vehicles, while trace H2S impurities in hydrogen significantly affect their durability and fuel expense. Herein, we demonstrate a robust PtRu alloy catalyst with an intriguing H2S tolerance as the PEMFC anode, showing a stronger antipoisoning capability toward hydrogen oxidation reaction compared with the Pt/C anode. The PtRu/C-based single PEMFC shows approximately 14.3% loss of cell voltage after 3 h operation with 1 ppm of H2S in hydrogen, significantly lower than that of Pt/C-based PEMFCs (65%). By adopting PtRu/C as the anode, the H2S limit in hydrogen can be increased to 1.7 times that of the Pt/C anode, assuming that the PEMFC runs for 5000 h, which is conductive for the cost reduction of hydrogen purification. The three-electrode electrochemical test indicates that PtRu/C exhibits a slower adsorption kinetics toward S2– species with poisoning rates of 0.02782, 0.02982, and 0.03682 min–1 at temperatures of 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively, all lower than those of Pt/C. X-ray absorption fine structure spectra indicate the weakened Pt–S binding for PtRu/C in comparison to Pt/C with a longer Pt–S bond length. Density functional theory calculation analyses reveal that adsorption energy of sulfur on the Pt surface was reduced for PtRu/C, showing 1–10% decrease at different Pt sites for (111), (110), and (100) planes, which is ascribed to the downshifted Pt d-band center caused by the ligand and strain effects due to the introduction of second metallic Ru. This work provides a valuable guide for the development of the H2S-tolerant catalysts for long-term application of PEMFCs.

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The potential of the natural gas grid to accommodate hydrogen as an energy vector in transition towards a fully renewable energy system

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

Hydrogen corridors in Europe: strategies and countries involved

Hydrogen corridors in Europe: strategies and countries involved

Experimental Activities on a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine for Light-Duty Applications

Intriguing H₂S Tolerance of the PtRu Alloy for Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis in PEMFCs: Weakened Pt–S Binding with Slower Adsorption Kinetics

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The potential of the natural gas grid to accommodate hydrogen as an energy vector in transition towards a fully renewable energy system

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

Hydrogen corridors in Europe: strategies and countries involved

Hydrogen corridors in Europe: strategies and countries involved

Experimental Activities on a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine for Light-Duty Applications

Intriguing H2S Tolerance of the PtRu Alloy for Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis in PEMFCs: Weakened Pt–S Binding with Slower Adsorption Kinetics

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Intriguing H₂S Tolerance of the PtRu Alloy for Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis in PEMFCs: Weakened Pt–S Binding with Slower Adsorption Kinetics