The Potential of Synoptic Plankton Analyses for Paleoclimatic Investigations: Five Plankton Groups from the Holocene Nordic Seas

Hass, H Christian; Andruleit, Harald; Baumann, Astrid; Baumann, Karl-Heinz; Kohly, Alexander; Jensen, Stefan; Matthießen, Jens; Samtleben, Christian; Schäfer, Priska; Schröder‐Ritzrau, Andrea; Thiede, Jörn

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56876-3_18

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…[51] In the southern Fram Strait, the SST pattern suggests an anticlockwise gyre similar to the pattern of the modern West Spitsbergen, East Greenland, and Jan Mayen currents [Hald, 2001;Hass et al, 2001]. In total, the LGM circulation pattern of surface water closely resembled the modern mode, with a second cyclonic gyre south of Jan Mayen, as first proposed by Kellogg [1980].…”

Section: Paleoceanographic Features In the Nordic Seasmentioning

confidence: 55%

Glacial North Atlantic: Sea‐surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000

et al. 2003

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[1] The response of the tropical ocean to global climate change and the extent of sea ice in the glacial nordic seas belong to the great controversies in paleoclimatology. Our new reconstruction of peak glacial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic is based on census counts of planktic foraminifera, using the Maximum Similarity Technique Version 28 (SIMMAX-28) modern analog technique with 947 modern analog samples and 119 well-dated sediment cores. Our study compares two slightly different scenarios of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Environmental Processes of the Ice Age: Land, Oceans, Glaciers (EPILOG), and Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP 2000) time slices. The comparison shows that the maximum LGM cooling in the Southern Hemisphere slightly preceeded that in the north. In both time slices sea ice was restricted to the north western margin of the nordic seas during glacial northern summer, while the central and eastern parts were ice-free. During northern glacial winter, sea ice advanced to the south of Iceland and Faeroe. In the central northern North Atlantic an anticyclonic gyre formed between 45°and 60°N, with a cool water mass centered west of Ireland, where glacial cooling reached a maximum of >12°C. In the subtropical ocean gyres the new reconstruction supports the glacial-to-interglacial stability of SST as shown by CLIMAP Project Members (CLIMAP) [1981]. The zonal belt of minimum SST seasonality between 2°and 6°N suggests that the LGM caloric equator occupied the same latitude as today. In contrast to the CLIMAP reconstruction, the glacial cooling of the tropical east Atlantic upwelling belt reached up to 6°-8°C during Northern Hemisphere summer. Differences between these SIMMAX-based and published U 37 k -and Mg/Ca-based equatorial SST records are ascribed to strong SST seasonalities and SST signals that were produced by different planktic species groups during different seasons.

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Section: Paleoceanographic Features In the Nordic Seasmentioning

confidence: 55%

Glacial North Atlantic: Sea‐surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000

et al. 2003

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“… Cortese et al [2002] used Imbrie and Kipp 's [1971] Q‐mode factor analysis to define a relationship between radiolarian faunas and summer sea surface temperatures (SSSTs) in the Nordic Seas. This technique is widely used among micropaleontologists, and its application to polycystine radiolarians has proved to be very useful [ Morley , 1979; Pisias et al , 1997; Bjørklund et al , 1998; Hass et al , 2001; Cortese and Abelmann , 2002]. One hundred and sixty surface sediment samples were used to develop the SSST transfer function [ Cortese et al , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high‐resolution radiolarian‐derived paleotemperature record for the Late Pleistocene‐Holocene in the Norwegian Sea

2002

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Polycystine radiolarians are used to reconstruct summer sea surface temperatures (SSSTs) for the Late Pleistocene‐Holocene (600–13,400 14C years BP) in the Norwegian Sea. At 13,200 14C years BP, the SSST was close to the average Holocene SSST (∼12°C). It then gradually dropped to 7.1°C in the Younger Dryas. Near the Younger Dryas‐Holocene transition (∼10,000 14C years BP), the SSST increased 5°C in about 530 years. Four abrupt cooling events, with temperature drops of up to 2.1°C, are recognized during the Holocene: at 9340, 7100 (“8200 calendar years event”), 6400 and 1650 14C years BP. Radiolarian SSSTs and the isotopic signal from the GISP2 ice core are strongly coupled, stressing the importance of the Norwegian Sea as a mediator of heat/precipitation exchange between the North Atlantic, the atmosphere, and the Greenland ice sheet. Radiolarian and diatom‐derived SSSTs display similarities, with the former not showing the recently reported Holocene cooling trend.

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“…angustelineata to cold-water environments in Arctic waters and (together with the sea-ice species Nitzschia [Fragilariopsis] spp.) in Polar waters of the East Greenland Current (Hass et al 2001;Andersen, Koç & Moros 2004). Diatom species B. bathyomphala and O. aurita were found in ice-core samples of first-year ice in the Chukchi Sea, the former also in the sub-ice water (von Quillfeldt et al 2003).…”

Section: Distribution Of Indicative Diatom Groupsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Because of the sensitivity of the species-rich diatom assemblages to environmental changes, the diatom distribution is particularly suitable for reconstructions of near-surface ecological and environmental conditions (see Koç Karpuz & Schrader 1990;Smol & Stoermer 2010). However, records on coccoliths (calcareous plates formed by coccolithophores, i.e., single-celled algae) and some data on radiolarians (protozoans producing skeletons usually made of silica) have also shown to give valuable palaeoenvironmental information (e.g., Hass et al 2001). Our multi-proxy microfossil approach aims at a multi-facet view on changes in the eastern Fram Strait in the last two millennia.…”

Section: Study Area and Research Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm-water events in the eastern Fram Strait during the last 2000 years as revealed by different microfossil groups

et al. 2018

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The environmental system of the northern Nordic Seas is very sensitive to oceanographic and climatic changes at the contact of cold Arctic and warmer North Atlantic waters. These contrasts are reflected in the associations of marine microorganisms and archived in the bottom sediments. A microfossil study (diatoms, coccoliths) of late Holocene sediments in core MSM5/5-712-1 from the eastern Fram Strait provides a better understanding of marine ecosystems and palaeoenvironments during Arctic warming events of the last two millennia. Indicative diatom species and groups of species revealed a high variability of sea-surface conditions. Based on the diatom distribution, three warming periods could be detected, corresponding to the time intervals of 0 to 440 CE (the later part of the Roman Warm Period), 1200 to1420 CE (the final part of the Medieval Climate Anomaly) and 1730 CE to present (including the Recent Warming). The various micropalaeontological proxies used in this study and other publications describe the Roman Warm Period and, especially, the Recent Warming as the most pronounced warm events in the area during the last 2000 years. A comparison of data from the different microfossil groups, indicators of seasurface and subsurface conditions, reveals variable, complicated and non-simultaneous palaeoenvironmental signals within the warm periods. This can potentially be explained by changes in the surface/subsurface water structure during the events (variations in the cold/ warm water advection, stratification, availability of nutrients, seasonal succession of bioproductivity, etc.), which are reflected by changes in the microplankton communities.

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The Potential of Synoptic Plankton Analyses for Paleoclimatic Investigations: Five Plankton Groups from the Holocene Nordic Seas

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Glacial North Atlantic: Sea‐surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000

Glacial North Atlantic: Sea‐surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000

A high‐resolution radiolarian‐derived paleotemperature record for the Late Pleistocene‐Holocene in the Norwegian Sea

Warm-water events in the eastern Fram Strait during the last 2000 years as revealed by different microfossil groups

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