The Potential of Sky Fruit as an Anti-Aging and Wound Healing Cosmeceutical Agent

Abstract

There are many extrinsic factors that can contribute to the premature aging of the skin. In recent years, the demand for natural cosmetic from the general population has noticeable grow. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the bioproperties of sky fruit (Swietenia macrophylla) seed extract that could help to inhibit premature skin aging. Firstly, the extract and its fractions were tested on HaCaT cells for their wound healing properties. The presence of sky fruit’s extract and its fractions on scratch wound significantly improved cellular proliferation, migration, and closure of the wound. These effects were distinctly observed following the treatment with S. macrophylla hexane fraction (SMHF) and S. macrophylla water fraction (SMWF). Our continuous research study revealed that SMWF had antioxidant properties, which might be one of the factors contributing to its emerging wound healing properties because antioxidants are known to act as suppressors of the inflammatory pathway and aid the transition towards cell proliferation. In addition, all samples had critical wavelengths that indicated that they were able to absorb the whole UVB range and some parts of the UVA wavelength. This suggested that S. macrophylla might contain potential photoprotective bioactive compounds, which could be developed into anti-UVB photoprotective sunscreens. Thus, this warrants further studies focusing on isolation and identifications of the bioactive compounds responsible for both its photoprotective and wound healing properties. A deeper study on mechanisms of the pathways that were affected by these compounds should be conducted as well to better understand this natural product and develop it into a potential cosmeceutical ingredient.

The Prospects of Swietenia macrophylla King in Skin Care

“…This ability of the S. macrophylla seed in reversing UVB-induced damage could be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In support of these findings, several works have demonstrated that the extract of S. macrophylla, be it via methanol, aqueous or ethyl acetate extraction, had significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity [56,[58][59][60]. With regard to anti-inflammation, pure phytocompounds that can be found in the seed, such as swietenine, were able to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO), downregulate several pro-inflammatory cytokines, and upregulate antioxidant proteins, like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and haem-oxygenase (HO-1), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.…”

“…As a photoprotective agent, ethanolic extract of the seed was reported to have a critical wavelength of 347.6 nm, when tested across the UVA-UVB spectrum. Subsequently, its hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction had critical wavelengths of 345, 341.6 and 362.4 nm, respec-tively [56]. Whilst it is not definite, the discovery proposes that the extract and fractions of the seed may contain photoprotective properties similar to sunscreen.…”

Cosmeceutical Therapy: Engaging the Repercussions of UVR Photoaging on the Skin’s Circadian Rhythm

“…It is the marriage of both terms “cosmetics” and “pharmaceuticals” to define products that have cosmetic and therapeutical properties [ 93 ]. With the current trend pushing for more natural-based products, many cosmetic companies have begun marketing products that contain natural extracts obtained from the environment, for example, plants, animals, and volcanic soil [ 94 ].…”

Antiaging and Skin Irritation Potential of Four Main Indonesian Essential Oils

“…In general, natural products can be potentially antiaging active ingredients in cosmetics, such as S. macrophylla seed extract as an anti-UVB photoprotective ingredient [6] and sandalwood oil as an environmental stress-protective ingredient [28].…”

“…Antioxidants are predominantly common ingredients used in cosmetics, single substances such as idebenone, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), kinetin, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone, lipoic acid, and chemical compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, arbutin, and carotenoids [4,5]. Furthermore, the current trend in cosmetics has reverted to nature, where the use of natural extracts has become very popular [6,7]. Moreover, natural material so have great potential in cosmetics because they are safer [8,9] when used with in an appropriate concentration and composition [10].…”