“…In the late 1960s, two protozoans, both in the genus Marteilia , Marteilia refringens and Marteilia sydneyi , were identified as the causative agents of disease and heavy mortalities in the flat oyster: O. edulis , in France, and in Saccostrea glomerata , in Australia, respectively [59]; afterward, the parasite become widespread: M. refringens , infecting O. edulis , has, to date, mainly been found in Europe (Albania, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia and the United Kingdom); Mytilus galloprovincialis , in the Gulf of Thermaikos, northern Greece [60], on the north coast of the Adriatic Sea [61] and along the Campanian coast (Tyrrhenian Sea, South of Italy) [62]. Marteilia was also previously found in M. galloprovincialis bred in Puglia [63].…”