The Potential of Macroporous Silica—Nanocrystalline Cellulose Combination for Formulating Dry Emulsion Systems with Improved Flow Properties: A DoE Study

Pohlen, Mitja; Pirker, Luka; Dreu, Rok

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13081177

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The results obtained in this experiment theoretically confirm that the ratio of C/H in hydrocarbon species is strongly correlated with the sticking efficiency of the hydrogenated film reaction behaviors, and the sticking efficiency improves with the increasing of the C/H ratio [8,9]. Our experimental results further verify the theory that the C/H ratios obtained using C 2 H 2 are higher than those obtained using C 3 H 6 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Step Coverage and Dry Etching Process Improvement of Amorphous Carbon Hard Mask

et al. 2021

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Amorphous carbon hard mask (ACHM) films have been widely applied as protective components and hard etching masks in lithography and dry etching processes. The capability of lithography is directly dependent on the step coverage (SC) of the ACHM. Poor SC may impact the protection of device patterns during the etching process and lead to overlay marks occurring in lithography. In this work, the ACHM film processing process is engineered and optimized towards better SC through the comparative study of the C2H2 and C3H6 precursors at different temperatures. Furthermore, a process parameter design of experiment (DOE), with C2H2 as a precursor to optimize the dry etching rate, is proposed. The results of the experiment show that the dry etching performance is enhanced by higher power, temperature and C2H2 flow, and a smaller gap, lower pressure and lower carrier gas flow. A selective etching ratio of SiO2 and SiN, with an improved process window, is obtained. ACHM film elimination process is also validated by characterizing the surface roughness. The demonstrated results can be instructive in terms of the optimization of etching process in future semiconductor manufacturing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Step Coverage and Dry Etching Process Improvement of Amorphous Carbon Hard Mask

et al. 2021

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“…Authors using spray-dried emulsions containing simvastatin or its analogues reported achieving a drug content of approximately 15 to 29 mg/g. However, their final drug delivery systems were mainly dry emulsions that were further processed into various solid dosage forms [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. In our study, the theoretical drug content ranged from 41.7 mg/g to 76.9 mg/g depending on the antiadhesive used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Simvastatin-Loaded Particles Using Spray Drying Method for Ex Tempore Preparation of Cartridges for 2D Printing Technology

Sterle Zorec,

Dreu

2023

Pharmaceutics

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In this work, a spray drying method was developed to produce drug/polymer (simvastatin/polycaprolactone) microparticles that have the potential to be used as a pre-formulation for ex tempore preparation of 2D printing cartridges. An experimental model was designed with the process parameters set to predict the smallest particle size required for successful 2D printing. Three different types of particles (lactose, nanocellulose/lactose, calcium silicate) were produced, and the average size of the dry particles varied depending on the sampling location (cyclone, collection vessel). The encapsulation efficiency of simvastatin was highest with nanocellulose/lactose from the collection vessel. The one-month stability of simvastatin in the particles showed low content, but the addition of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant increased the chemical stability of the drug. Interestingly, the addition of antioxidants decreased the stability of simvastatin in the calcium silicate particles from the collection vessel. Dispersion of the particles in three different propylene glycol and water mixtures (10/90, 50/50, and 90/10% (v/v)), representing a printable ink medium with three different viscosity and surface tension properties, showed that nanocellulose/lactose was the most suitable antiadhesive in terms of dispersed particle size (˂1 µm). After one month of storage, the dispersed particles remained in the same size range without undesirable particle agglomeration.

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“…The moisture content of dry emulsions adsorbed with Avicel ® PH-101 (3.37 ± 0.07%) exceeded that of Aerosil ® 200 (2.00 ± 0.08%). Both dry emulsions demonstrated moisture contents within the general range (less than 3.5%) [90,91]. However, specific moisture content requirements may vary based on the formulation, type of adsorbent, and the drying process [35].…”

Section: Fabrication Of Dry Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Dry Emulsion of Ostrich Oil as a Dietary Supplement

Ponphaiboon,

Limmatvapirat,

Limmatvapirat

2024

Preprint

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This study aimed to develop a high-quality dry emulsion incorporating omega-3, 6, and 9 fatty acid-rich ostrich oil for use as a dietary supplement. Extracted from abdominal adipose tissues using a low-temperature wet rendering method, the ostrich oil exhibited antioxidant properties, favorable physicochemical properties, microbial counts, heavy metal levels, and fatty acid compositions, positioning it as a suitable candidate for an oil-in-water emulsion and subsequent formulation as a dry emulsion. Lecithin was employed as the emulsifier due to its safety and health benefits. The resulting emulsion, comprising 10% w/w lecithin and 10% w/w ostrich oil, was stable, with a droplet size of 3.93 ± 0.11 μm. This liquid emulsion underwent transformation into a dry emulsion to preserve the physicochemical stability of ostrich oil, utilizing Avicel® PH-101 or Aerosil® 200 through a granulation process. Although Aerosil® 200 exhibited superior adsorption, Avicel® PH-101 granules surpassed it in releasing the ostrich oil emulsion. Consequently, Avicel® PH-101 was selected as the preferred adsorbent for formulating the ostrich oil dry emulsion. The dry emulsion, encapsulated with a disintegration time of 3.11 ± 0.14 min for ease of swallowing, maintained microbial loads and heavy metal contents within acceptable limits. Presented as granules containing butylated hydroxytoluene, the dry emulsion showcased robust temperature stability, suggesting the potential incorporation of animal fat into dry emulsions as a promising dietary supplement.

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The Potential of Macroporous Silica—Nanocrystalline Cellulose Combination for Formulating Dry Emulsion Systems with Improved Flow Properties: A DoE Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Step Coverage and Dry Etching Process Improvement of Amorphous Carbon Hard Mask

Step Coverage and Dry Etching Process Improvement of Amorphous Carbon Hard Mask

Development of Simvastatin-Loaded Particles Using Spray Drying Method for Ex Tempore Preparation of Cartridges for 2D Printing Technology

Development and Evaluation of a Dry Emulsion of Ostrich Oil as a Dietary Supplement

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