The potential of industrial waste: using foundry sand with fly ash and electric arc furnace slag for geopolymer brick production

Apithanyasai, Suchanya; Supakata, Nuta; Papong, Seksan

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03697

Cited by 71 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some examples of utilizing solid residues from oil shale industry include construction and the production of Portland cement [4], and fly ash (FA) could be used in different sorbents due to its considerable reactivity towards gaseous substances [5]. For coal ash, similar applications have been found in Thailand where foundry sand fly ash and electric arc furnace slag are used for the production of geopolymeric bricks with the share of fly ash being as high as 30% of the mixture [6]. Residues from shale oil production facilities -oil shale semicokes -have shown potential to be used in construction bricks, as soil ameliorators, chemicals, in cements, and others [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash

Järvik¹,

Konist²,

Lees³

et al. 2022

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The European Union (EU) presented a uniform List of Waste (LoW) in 2000 and last updated the technical guidance in 2018. The respective local regulations for the classification of waste in Estonia were set in 2015. Due to the changes in the regulations, it was necessary to review the properties of solid wastes generated in Estonian oil shale industry in light of hazardous properties. Therefore, the properties of the produced ash streams were analysed and the obtained results were compared to those for coal for being in accordance with common practices. The main objective of the paper was to answer the question whether the properties of oil shale (OS) are comparable to those of coal as coal and its combustion residues were not considered hazardous waste in Europe, but the respective counterparts of oil shale were. The EU guidelines suggest the use of calculations based on trace element concentrations for the classification of hazardous property (HP) 14 -ecotoxic. Therefore, an extensive study was conducted to investigate the hazardous properties of all the solid residues from power plants operating on oil shale and shale oil production facilities. This paper describes one part of it -the trace element compositions of the major ash streams produced in the Estonian oil shale industry and focuses on their comparison with data available for coal ash samples. The findings of the study showed that, similarly to coal, oil shale ash (OSA) should not be considered as ecotoxic due to the low concentrations of trace elements. It was found that the investigated oil shale ash samples exhibited a very similar composition and properties to those of coal, and as a result of a larger study, from the beginning of 2020, oil shale ash and other oil shale thermal treatment residues are not classified as hazardous waste in Estonia, thereby initiating policy changes that affect most areas of the economy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash

Järvik¹,

Konist²,

Lees³

et al. 2022

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“…Sand is considered an essential material in metal foundries and widely used in large quantities to mould ferrous and nonferrous metals. Sand is rich in silica (SiO2) mostly used due to its ability to sustain high strength and has impressive insulation [1]. However, after the sand is reused repetitively it becomes too fine to reuse and generally discarded as waste foundry sand (WFS) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synthesis Conditions on Mechanical Strength of Aluminium Slag Modified Waste Foundry Sand Geopolymers

Sithole

Nkosi

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The waste foundry sand was alkaline activated into geopolymers to reduce their environmental pollution. The waste foundry sand was blended with aluminium slag and alkali activated to produce geopolymers. Aluminium slag was used to supplement WFS with alumina because as it has low content of alumina. The main parameters tested were the effect alumina content, concentration of alkali, liquid to solid ratio, and temperature. The optimum synthesis parameters were a geopolymer prepared with 2% aluminium, 3 M NaOH solution, liquid solid ratio of 0.15 and curing temperature and time of 80°C and 5 days respectively. The optimum parameters yielded the highest UCS of 4.7 MPa. The developed aluminium slag modified waste foundry sand geopolymers met the minimum requirements for ASTM C126-99 and ASTM C216-07a.

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“…Regarding the potential of reducing the “carbon footprint” (environmental impact) related to this application, some authors reported promising results. Apithanyasai et al [ 31 ] evaluated the potential of using mixtures of waste foundry sand, FA, and electric arc furnace slag in proportions of 70:30:0, 60:30:10, 50:30:20, and 40:30:30% (by weight) as precursors of geopolymer bricks, activated with NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 solutions. The optimal mixture corresponding to a ratio of 40:30:30 yielded a compressive strength of 25.8 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-House Prototype Constructed with Alkali-Activated Blocks: Material Production, Characterization, Design, Construction, and Environmental Impact

et al. 2021

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The interest of the construction industry in alkali-activated materials has increased to the extent that these materials are recognized as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement-based materials in the quest for sustainable construction. This article presents the design and construction of a prototype of an eco-friendly house built from concrete blocks produced using alkali activation technology or geopolymerization. The prototype meets the requirements of the current Colombian Regulations for Earthquake Resistant Buildings (NSR-10) and includes standards related to the performance of the materials, design, and construction method for earthquake-resistant confined masonry of one- or two-story buildings. The alkali-activated blocks were obtained from different precursors (aluminosilicates), including a natural volcanic pozzolan, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, construction and demolition waste (concrete, ceramic, brick, and mortar), and red clay brick waste. The physical-mechanical characterization of the alkali-activated blocks allowed their classification according to the structural specifications of the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 4026 (equivalent to ASTM C90). The global warming potential (GWP) or “carbon footprint” attributed to the raw materials of alkali-activated blocks was lower (25.4–54.7%) than that of the reference blocks (ordinary Portland cement concrete blocks). These results demonstrate the potential of alkali-activated materials for application in the construction of eco-friendly houses.

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The potential of industrial waste: using foundry sand with fly ash and electric arc furnace slag for geopolymer brick production

Cited by 71 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash

Comparison of the ecotoxic properties of oil shale industry by-products to those of coal ash

Effect of Synthesis Conditions on Mechanical Strength of Aluminium Slag Modified Waste Foundry Sand Geopolymers

Eco-House Prototype Constructed with Alkali-Activated Blocks: Material Production, Characterization, Design, Construction, and Environmental Impact

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