The Potential of Graphene as an ITO Replacement in Organic Solar Cells: An Optical Perspective

Koh, W. S.; Gan, Choon How; Phua, Wee Kee; Akimov, Yuriy; Bai, Peng

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2013.2247976

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Graphene electrodes are operable in a solar cell device under bending at 1381, compared with maximum operable bending angle of 601 in the more brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) TCO cell. 109 Furthermore, optical transmission in the graphene drops off dramatically at light incidence angles greater than about 301, which is a concern not only for information displays but also for the efficiency of graphene-based organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs), where ITO remains the most effective electrode material, which suffers virtually no drop-off in transmission from an increased incidence angle. 109 Furthermore, optical transmission in the graphene drops off dramatically at light incidence angles greater than about 301, which is a concern not only for information displays but also for the efficiency of graphene-based organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs), where ITO remains the most effective electrode material, which suffers virtually no drop-off in transmission from an increased incidence angle.…”

Section: Carbon Competitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 However, for the sheet resistance of graphene to be competitive with ITO, at least four monolayers of graphene are required, which results in a significant loss of optical transmission in the graphene (typically about 10% less transmittance than ITO). 109 A further issue arises in graphene-based OPVs on account of its hydrophobicity; this makes aqueous solution processing problematic, particularly in binding the graphene to the hole-transporting layer (HTL) material poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) which consequently impacts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV. 109 A further issue arises in graphene-based OPVs on account of its hydrophobicity; this makes aqueous solution processing problematic, particularly in binding the graphene to the hole-transporting layer (HTL) material poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) which consequently impacts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV.…”

Section: Carbon Competitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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n-Type doped transparent conducting binary oxides: an overview

et al. 2016

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This article focuses on n-type doped transparent conducting binary oxides -namely, those with the general formula M x O y :D, where M x O y is the host oxide material and D is the dopant element. Such materials are of great industrial importance in modern materials chemistry. In particular, there is a focus on the search for alternatives to indium-based materials, prompted by indium's problematic supply risk as well as a number of functional factors. The important relationship between computational study and experimental observation is explored, and an extensive comparison is made between the electrical properties of a number of the most interesting experimentally-prepared materials. In writing this article, we aim to provide both an accessible tutorial of the physical descriptions of transparent conducting oxides, and an up-to-date overview of the field, with a brief history, some key accomplishments from the past few decades, the current state of the field as well as postulation on some likely future developments.

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Section: Carbon Competitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Competitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-Type doped transparent conducting binary oxides: an overview

et al. 2016

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“…10,22,37 With four layers, the absorbance is around 34.4%, giving an optical enhancement of 3.5% compared to photovoltaic cells with an ITO electrode, which is an interesting result. Note that a (quite expensive) ITO thickness of 200 nm (maximum point in Fig.…”

Section: Sio 2 /Graphene On Amorphous Siliconmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This performance for ITO layers is generally considered satisfactory around a thickness of 100 nm (sheet resistance % 30 X=ٗ). 10,22 Thus, taking into account optical, electrical, and economic arguments, we take an ITO thickness of 100 nm for the electrode (a thicker layer than 170 nm would be more efficient but too expensive). This leads finally to an integral absorbance of 30.9%.…”

Section: Ito On Amorphous Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Experimental and numerical studies of graphene electrodes for organic solar cells show that the power conversion efficiency can compete with ITO-based cells. 16,17,22 In addition, it was demonstrated that graphene keeps its electrical and optical properties even when coated on (amorphous or crystalline) silicon. 23 Furthermore, graphene is electrically adapted to act as an electrode for amorphous-based solar cells and shows similar electrical characteristic than ITO, even without doping.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene as a transparent electrode for amorphous silicon-based solar cells

Vaianella

Rosolen

Maes

2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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The properties of graphene in terms of transparency and conductivity make it an ideal candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) in a transparent conducting electrode. However, graphene is not always as good as ITO for some applications, due to a non-negligible absorption. For amorphous silicon photovoltaics, we have identified a useful case with a graphene-silica front electrode that improves upon ITO. For both electrode technologies, we simulate the weighted absorption in the active layer of planar amorphous silicon-based solar cells with a silver back-reflector. The graphene device shows a significantly increased absorbance compared to ITO-based cells for a large range of silicon thicknesses (34.4% versus 30.9% for a 300 nm thick silicon layer), and this result persists over a wide range of incidence angles.

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