The Potential of Fibroblast Transdifferentiation to Neuron Using Hydrogels

Abstract

Currently there is a big drive to generate neurons from differentiated cells which would be of great benefit for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and drug screening. Most studies used transcription factors, epigenetic reprogramming and/or chromatin remodeling drugs which might reflect incomplete reprogramming or progressive deregulation of the new program. In this review, we present a potential different method for cellular reprogramming/transdifferentiation to potentially enhance regeneration of neurons. We focus on the use of biomaterials, specifically hydrogels, to act as non-invasive tools to direct transdifferentiation, and we draw parallel with existing transcriptional and epigenetic methods. Hydrogels are attractive materials because the properties of hydrogels can be modified, and various natural and synthetic substances can be employed. Incorporation of extracellular matrix (ECM) substances and composite materials allows mechanical properties and degradation rate to be controlled. Moreover, hydrogels in combinations with other physical and mechanical stimuli such as electric current, shear stress and tensile force will be mentioned in this review.

Special Issue on ‘Advances in Hydrogel Scaffolding of Stem Cells’

“…They focused extensively on the critical factors that govern the CSC microenvironment and have laid the foundation for future investigations in this field by offering practical insights, particularly in the realm of drug screening. The review article by Kantawong et al [3] discusses the possibility of the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into the neuronal cell type on stimuli-responsive 3D hydrogels. Fibroblasts are found throughout the body and are frequently employed in research due to their accessibility through a safe and non-invasive skin biopsy procedure.…”