The Potential of Electrospinning to Enable the Realization of Energy-Autonomous Wearable Sensing Systems

Abstract

The market for wearable electronic devices is experiencing significant growth and increasing potential for the future. Researchers worldwide are actively working to improve these devices, particularly in developing wearable electronics with balanced functionality and wearability for commercialization. Electrospinning, a technology that creates nano/microfiber-based membranes with high surface area, porosity, and favorable mechanical properties for human in vitro and in vivo applications using a broad range of materials, is proving to be a promising approach. Wearable electronic devices can use mechanical, thermal, evaporative and solar energy harvesting technologies to generate power for future energy needs, providing more options than traditional sources. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how electrospinning technology can be used in energy-autonomous wearable wireless sensing systems. It provides an overview of the electrospinning technology, fundamental mechanisms, and applications in energy scavenging, human physiological signal sensing, energy storage, and antenna for data transmission. The review discusses combining wearable electronic technology and textile engineering to create superior wearable devices and increase future collaboration opportunities. Additionally, the challenges related to conducting appropriate testing for market-ready products using these devices are also discussed.

Biomaterials targeting the microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair: progression and perspectives

“…Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds can also mimic the extracellular microenvironment. Due to their large specific surface area, one-dimensional longitudinal properties and wide range of biological functions, this property allows them to be used for tissue regeneration, especially for cell adhesion processes ( Dinuwan Gunawardhana et al, 2024 ). The controlled release of electrospun filament materials can be used in the pharmaceutical field and biomedical applications.…”

Electrospun organic/inorganic hybrid nanofibers for accelerating wound healing: a review

“…10,11 Among them, electrospun nanofibrous membranes have gained considerable attention due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and suitable mechanical strength. 12–14 Moreover, the nano-network structure of electrospun nanofibrous membranes closely resembles the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of skin, making them promising candidates for wound treatment. 15–17 Additionally, electrospinning has evolved from single-fluid 18,19 to side-by-side 20,21 or coaxial, 22,23 triaxial 24,25 or even other multi-fluid derived structures including core–shell, 22 porous, 26 Janus 27,28 and even more complex and fine structures.…”

A novel one-dimensional Y2(Zr0.6Ti0.4)2O7:Eu tube-in-tube nanostructure fabricated by a single-nozzle electrospinning technique and its low color drift property at high temperature

“…1,7,8 Compared with ordinary 1D solid nanofibers, the complex 1D nanostructures exhibit better effects on photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, and sensor applications because of their unique electronic transport properties and large specific surface areas and can meet the emerging needs of multifunctional, integrative, and miniature devices. 9–12 To address the difficulties in fabricating the aforementioned complex 1D nanostructures, the design and development of coaxial spinnerets and spraying of nozzles with multichannel core–shell structures have been reported in a few literature. 5,7,8,13–18 For instance, a coaxial spray nozzle was first proposed to prepare ultrafine fibers with a core–shell structure by Loscertales et al in 2003.…”