The potential of dimetindene maleate inducing resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae through activating the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice plants

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) is considered the most destructive rice disease all over the world. Dimetindene maleate is used in medication against allergic reactions in humans. Dimetindene maleate used to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in order to protect rice plants from blast disease. RESULTS: Dimetindene maleate was not effective against fungus linear growth in vitro. In glasshouse conditions, dimetindene maleate significantly improved resistance at 25, 50, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg L −1 concentrations. Leaf blast severity reached 14.18% on plants treated with the most effective concentration of 125 mg L −1 compared with control plants. In field conditions during both seasons (2016 and 2017), 125 mg L −1 dimetindene maleate decreased the disease severity to 1.1% and 2.7%, respectively, after 30 days of treatment. Also, grain yield was increased to 13.27 and 12.90 t ha -1 in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. Moreover, dimetindene maleate induces some of the indicators for salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways via gene expression. These genes include OsWRKY45, OsNPR1, AOS2, JAMYB and PBZ1 (OsPR10), recording 15. 14-, 16.47-, 5.3-, 5.37-and 5.1-fold changes, respectively, 12-h postinoculation.CONCLUSION: The results overview investigated the effectiveness of dimetindene maleate for increasing rice resistance to blast disease through inducing SAR in rice plants under glasshouse and field conditions, which could be through the SA defense pathway by expression of genes (OsWRKY45 and OsNPR1).

Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas rhodesiae GC-7 against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola through both antagonistic effects and induced plant resistance

“…ISR often relies on pathways regulated by JA/ET. JaMYB and AOS2 are marker genes for JA-dependent signaling pathways, whereas ERF1 and ACS1 are markers of the ET signaling pathway ( Leonetti et al, 2017 ; Salman et al, 2022 ). Previous studies on rice have also shown that the exogenous application of plant hormones and antioxidants induces systemic defense against M. graminicola, and that the JA pathway plays a pivotal role in the induction of defense against RKN ( Nahar et al, 2011 ; Singh et al, 2020 ; Chavan et al, 2022 ).…”

“…PR1a and WRKY45 are markers of the SA signaling pathway and are major characteristic proteins of SAR ( Salman et al, 2022 ). WRKY45 and PR1a expression were increased in GC-7- and J2 + GC-7-treated plants compared to control and J2-treated plants at 1 dpi and 4 dpi, respectively, indicating that the defense response of rice to M. graminicola mediated by the SA signaling pathway was also activated.…”

“…Total RNA from each sample (1 μg) was reverse-transcribed using the PrimeScript RT Reagent kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays were performed using gene-specific primers for the genes Pathogenesis-related 1a ( PR1a ), WRKY TF 45 ( WRKY45 ), Allene oxide synthase2 ( AOS2), JA-inducible Myb TF ( JaMYB ), Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1 ( ACS1 ) and Ethylene-responsive factor 1 ( ERF1 ) ( Takaki et al, 2015 ; Leonetti et al, 2017 ; Salman et al, 2022 ), described in Supplementary Table S1 . Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed in a CFX Connect Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, California, United States) using a SYBR green I quantitative PCR master mix (TaKaRa, Dalian, China).…”

Regulation of Autophagy Machinery in Magnaporthe oryzae

“…Many fungal diseases inhibit the growth of rice, notably so rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae [ 4 ], which reduces rice production by up to 30% annually around the world [ 5 ], which is enough rice for about 60 million people [ 6 ]. Fungal infection is a leading factor driving agricultural production shortfalls and in the dramatic growth in widespread lesions in immunosuppressed people [ 7 ]. Currently, disease control relies on the use of industrial chemicals such as fungicides [ 8 ].…”

A novel elicitor MoVcpo is necessary for the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae and triggers rice defense responses

“…Rice is the most important food staple for more than half of the world’s population ( Salman et al., 2022 ). Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae , is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide, which results in substantial crop loss and potential economic disaster.…”