The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus

Abstract

Abstract. Respatie. D. W, Yudono P, Purwantoro A, Trisyono Y.A. 2019. The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus. Biodiversitas 20: 3568-3574. Cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) flower is recognized as natural source of bioherbicide compounds for several weeds. The purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is an important weed, and this research was aimed to determine the effects of cosmos flower extract on this weed. Dried cosmos flowers were threshed and extracted using maceration method with 70% alcohol. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Purple nutsedge tubers were planted in polybags and treated with cosmos flower extract applicated once to three times with 300 mL polybag-1 at the concentration of 40%. Different levels of inhibitions on purple nutsedge growth were observed at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) due to the presence of gallic acid in the extract. Growth parameters for purple nutsedge were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) at α=0.05. Significant reductions in the number of mother shoots, daughter shoots, and roots, length of mother leaves, length of rhizomes, root, and total leaf area of the purple nutsedge treated with the cosmos flower extract at 30 DAS compared to those in the control. A significant reduction was also observed in foliage dry weight, underground organs dry weight, and total dry weight of purple nutsedge. The three application times yielded maximum inhibition. In addition, these treatments reduced N, P, and K content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis rates at 30 DAS. These results suggest that cosmos flower extract has the potential for controlling purple nutsedge.

Efficient floral dip transformation method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Cosmos sulphureus Cav.

“…In general, each flower has approximately 15–30 flower tubes with a stalk length of 15 cm ( Hilmi et al, 2020 , Win, 2016 ). Recently, yellow cosmos has been reported to contain high levels of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and gallic acid, which can be used as natural pesticides and herbicides ( Aftab et al, 2021 , Respatie et al, 2019 , Saleem et al, 2017 ). Yellow cosmos produces daisy-like flowers with seeds atop long and slender stems.…”

Morpho-physiology and metabolite content of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. and yellow and orange Cosmos sulphureus Cav.

“…The common ornamental Cosmos species is Cosmos sulphureus Cav., i.e., yellow and orange flowers. Previous research showed that C. sulphureus can be used as refugial plants because they host natural enemies of some pests in rice (Aldini et al 2019), used as natural dyes, a source of pollen bees, and bioherbicides (Wroblewska et al 2016;Aldini et al 2019;Respatie et al 2019). The young leaves of C. sulphureus are consumed as vegetables; however, Cosmos caudatus Kunth.…”

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of T1 transgenic yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus) carrying neomycin phosphotransferase II gene

“…The yellow cosmos contains high secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, saponin, and tannins that can be used for biopharmaceutical and biopesticide applications (Saleem et al 2017;Aftab et al 2021). The previous study reported that yellow cosmos also contains gallic acid, which has the potential as a natural herbicide (Respatie et al 2019). The secondary metabolites of yellow cosmos can be increased through plant genetic transformation using the Agrobacterium-mediated technique.…”