The Potential of Cool Materials Towards Improving Thermal Comfort Conditions Inside Real-urban Hot-humid Microclimate

Zeeshan, Muhammad; Ali, Zaib

doi:10.1177/09754253221083206

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The validation of surface temperature obtained from current study results was made with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data (Wan 2015) and was described in detail by Zeeshan et al (2022). MODIS, with the bandwidth of 3.66 nm to 3.84 nm and pixel size of 1,000 m, validated CFD results in urban microclimates (Zeeshan et al 2022b) which were then validated with satellite imagery data extracted using the MODIS database. MODIS had a spatial resolution of 1.1 km for monitoring the surface temperature in the form of a Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file for any specific coordinate.…”

Section: Evaluation Zones Identification and Validation Of Surface Te...mentioning

confidence: 86%

Green Infrastructure with Actual Canopy Parameterization: A Simulation Study for Heat Stress Mitigation in a Hot-Humid Urban Environment

Zeeshan,

Ali,

Ranjha

2023

isa

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Background The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, resulting from rapid urbanization and aggravated by persistent climate change, is intensifying heat stress and temperature anomalies inside the urban microclimate, requiring the implementation of suitable adaptation measures for sustainable development. The integration of street trees inside the urban landscape is a strategy to alleviate the thermal stress of pedestrians. However, trees have variable potential for the regulation of thermal comfort depending on their different canopy shapes/drag. Therefore, a holistic understanding of tree plantings and species with respect to a particular climate is necessary for urban sustainability. Methods In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that employ unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations were performed using FLUENT solver to analyze the cooling potential of isolated tree species based on 5 morphological characteristics and canopy shapes (i.e., tree height, trunk height, crown width, crown height, and leaf area density) in an urban area. Results Results revealed a variable temperature regulation (i.e., 0.6 to 1.2 °K) depending on the tree species. Overall, the cooling effect was only observed in the vicinity of the tree canopy. This was due to the availability of shading and increased moisture content provided by the canopy foliage, which blocked shortwave radiation from the sun, as compared to its surroundings. Conclusions The study findings show that leaf area density is the morphological trait that has the greatest impact on thermal comfort, as it results in low ambient air temperature irrespective of the type of urban density. Additionally, the most effective way to reduce thermal stress is to implement taller trees with uniform foliage density, which will produce a well-ventilated environment.

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Section: Evaluation Zones Identification and Validation Of Surface Te...mentioning

confidence: 86%

Green Infrastructure with Actual Canopy Parameterization: A Simulation Study for Heat Stress Mitigation in a Hot-Humid Urban Environment

Zeeshan,

Ali,

Ranjha

2023

isa

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“…Several studies and applied cases demonstrate that cool materials have a greater mitigation effect when used on both buildings and the ground at the same time, as they result in a significant reduction in air and surface temperature [25,28,29], but their full potential has yet to be realised.…”

Section: How To Mitigate Urban Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Microclimate in Courtyard Buildings: Impact of Building Perimeter Configuration and Tree Density

Marchi,

Gaspari,

Fabbri

2023

Buildings

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As the effects of climate change and urbanisation intensify, liveability and comfort in outdoor spaces decrease. Because of large spaces exposed to solar radiation and low crossing of airflows, courtyard buildings are extremely vulnerable in this regard. However, there are significant gaps in the literature on outdoor comfort in courtyards, especially regarding the effect of border configuration (including gap position and features), as well that of tree density. The study proposes a methodology—to be used during preliminary design—to compare the effect of alternative scenarios for courtyard buildings on outdoor microclimate, varying both the building perimeter configuration and courtyard vegetation layout. A matrix is set to combine the two variables and select relevant scenarios, which are then simulated in ENVI-met focusing on air temperature, wind speed and physiological equivalent temperature (PET). A case study in Bologna, Italy (humid subtropical climate) is presented as an example of the implementation. The resulting outdoor microclimate maps and frequency diagrams are compared and discussed. It emerges that both variables have a role in outdoor comfort: while gap configuration affects air temperature more (up to a difference of 1 °C), tree density impacts PET by up to 2 °C difference. The methodology can be replicated in several other contexts to support the optimisation of courtyard building design from the early stages.

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“…Detailed information should be used for climateadapted resilient urban planning to cover nature-based as well as artificial solutions for heat mitigation (e.g., unsealing, green facades, green roofs, white roofs, PV-equipped roofs, new unsealed surfaces, cool shelters, cool fountains, the optimization of street configurations and parks, etc.) [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Normalized Urban Heat Island for the City of Karlsruhe by Linking Urban Morphology and Green Infrastructure

Gangwisch,

Ludwig,

Matzarakis

2024

Atmosphere

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Citizens in urban areas are affected by the urban heat island (UHI) effect, resulting in increased thermal heat compared to rural areas. This threat is exacerbated by global climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to assess human thermal comfort and risk for decision making. This is important for planners (climate resilience), the health sector (information for vulnerable people), tourism, urban designers (aesthetics), and building architects. Urban structures modify local meteorological parameters and thus human thermal comfort at the microscale. Knowledge of the pattern of a city’s UHI is typically limited. Based on previous research, gam were built to predict the spatial pattern of the UHI in the city of Karlsruhe. The models were trained with administrative, remotely sensed, and land use and land cover geodata, and validated with measurements in Freiburg. This identified the hot and cold spots and the need for further urban planning in the city. The model had some limitations regarding water bodies and anthropogenic heat production, but it was well suited for applications in mid-latitude cities which are not topographically characterized. The model can potentially be used for other cities (e.g., in heat health action plans) as the training data are freely available.

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The Potential of Cool Materials Towards Improving Thermal Comfort Conditions Inside Real-urban Hot-humid Microclimate

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Green Infrastructure with Actual Canopy Parameterization: A Simulation Study for Heat Stress Mitigation in a Hot-Humid Urban Environment

Green Infrastructure with Actual Canopy Parameterization: A Simulation Study for Heat Stress Mitigation in a Hot-Humid Urban Environment

Outdoor Microclimate in Courtyard Buildings: Impact of Building Perimeter Configuration and Tree Density

Modeling the Normalized Urban Heat Island for the City of Karlsruhe by Linking Urban Morphology and Green Infrastructure

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