2020
DOI: 10.1002/adom.202001243
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The Potential of Combining Thermal Scanning Probes and Phase‐Change Materials for Tunable Metasurfaces

Abstract: ultra-thin equivalents, but may also introduce new functionalities (phase discontinuities, anomalous reflection, and refraction, etc.). [2,3] However, the shape of the wavefront is defined by the metasurface design, including material selection and geometry, and is fixed after fabrication. Active postfabrication control requires the tunability of the optical response of each metasurface element. [4,5] One common approach for active metasurfaces is to capitalize on the change of the material polarizabilityeithe… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…Other than the frequently used nano-antennas, SRRs or crosses for a GST-integrated metasurface hybrid framework, other atoms such as nano-holes, squares and rings were also employed for active tuning, e.g., the tunable extraordinary transmission (EOT) of visible and near-IR light by both electrically and optically induced GST phase transition [ 113 , 114 ], the mid-IR transmissive filter [ 115 ] and the lately reported mid-wave spectral filter [ 116 ], etc. In addition, due to the appreciable visible and UV loss of GST, most GST-based devices were demonstrated in the middle-IR range except a few that covered UV, visible and near-IR range [ 117 , 118 , 119 ].…”
Section: Active Amplitude Controlmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other than the frequently used nano-antennas, SRRs or crosses for a GST-integrated metasurface hybrid framework, other atoms such as nano-holes, squares and rings were also employed for active tuning, e.g., the tunable extraordinary transmission (EOT) of visible and near-IR light by both electrically and optically induced GST phase transition [ 113 , 114 ], the mid-IR transmissive filter [ 115 ] and the lately reported mid-wave spectral filter [ 116 ], etc. In addition, due to the appreciable visible and UV loss of GST, most GST-based devices were demonstrated in the middle-IR range except a few that covered UV, visible and near-IR range [ 117 , 118 , 119 ].…”
Section: Active Amplitude Controlmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most recently a concept of combining thermal scanning probe with PCMs to achieve a reconfigurable metasurface was proposed. [ 31 ] According to this idea, a thermal scanning probe heated to 1223 K was in contact with the sample having amorphous GeTe layer capped with SiO 2 media. The thermal energy released from the heated probe enabled the phase‐transformation inside the GeTe layer, and an ultrasmall feature size can be obtained by carefully shrinking the probe diameter.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…To achieve more versatile absorbers, research has been directed towards realizing tunable absorption functionality. [8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Phase-change materials (PCMs) are especially interesting for this because they offer non-volatile tuning (in contrast to the volatile tuning with transparent conducting oxides or phasetransition materials) by switching between their amorphous and crystalline structural phases whose optical properties differ significantly, because of a unique bonding mechanism, referred to as metavalent bonding. [23][24][25][26] They can be switched between their phases by thermal, [27] electrical, [28] or optical heating [29] on time-scales down to a few nanoseconds [30] and they have already been successfully commercialized in products like re-writable DVDs [29] and PC-RAM.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, these PCMs feature low losses in the infrared, which makes them suitable for many nanophotonics applications [34][35][36] like waveguides, [37,38] photonic memory, [39,40] polaritonics, [41][42][43][44] tunable metasurfaces, [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] and tunable metasurface absorbers. [8,14,18,[54][55][56][57] But the same low-loss optical properties become disadvantageous for constructing ultra-thin absorbers with thicknesses well beyond the quarterwavelength limit. While their use is still viable in the visible and near-infrared spectral range [58][59][60] where they have significant optical losses, they are no longer suitable at infrared frequencies.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%