The potential of circulating exosomal RNA biomarkers in cancer

Chu, Yin Lam; Li, Harriet; Ng, Pik Lan Amanda; Kong, Siu Ting; Zhang, Hao; Lin, Yusheng; Tai, William; Yu, Allen Chi Shing; Yim, Aldrin Kay Yuen; Tsang, Hin Fung; Cho, William C.; Wong, Sze Chuen Cesar

doi:10.1080/14737159.2020.1745064

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…This might include the search for compartments that primarily contain specific RNA markers [28]. For example, a more significant relation between the detection of markers and disease might be achieved if specific extracellular vesicles are prepared before RNA is isolated [29,30]. Initial experiments with ectosome-like particles, exosome-like particles and apoptotic bodies isolated from two donors support the possibility of this assumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling, Logistics, and Analytics of Urine for RT-qPCR-based Diagnostics

Far

Frank

Sczakiel

2021

Cancers

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Body fluids in the context of cancer diagnosis are the primary source of liquid biopsy, i.e., biomarker detection that includes blood and serum, urine, and saliva. RNA represents a particular class of biomarkers because it is thought to monitor the current status of gene expression in humans, in organs, and if present, also in tumors. In case of bladder cancer, we developed a scheme that describes, in detail, all steps from the collection of urine samples from patients, stabilization of samples, their transportation, storage, and marker analysis by qPCR-based technology. We find that urine samples prepared according to this protocol show stability of RNA over more than 10 days at unchilled temperatures during shipping. A specific procedure of primer design and amplicon evaluation allows a specific assignment of PCR products to human genomics and transcriptomics data collections. In summary, we describe a technical option for the robust acquisition of urine samples and the quantitative detection of RNA-based tumor markers in case of bladder cancer patients. This protocol is for general use, and we describe that it works for any RNA-based tumor marker in urine of cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling, Logistics, and Analytics of Urine for RT-qPCR-based Diagnostics

Far

Frank

Sczakiel

2021

Cancers

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“…RNA, a versatile macromolecule that is specialized for many functions, can be broadly defined as coding or messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNA (ncRNA). There are several different types of ncRNA including ribosomal RNA (rRNA), , transfer RNA (tRNA), , small nuclear RNA (snRNA), − small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), ,− long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), ,− short hairpin RNA (shRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), − transfer messenger RNA (tmRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), − small activating RNA (saRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), ,,− circular RNA (circRNA), ribozymes, and exosomal RNA. − The cellular localizations of different types of RNA are illustrated in Figure , and an overview of their functions is provided in the following section.…”

Section: Types Of Naturally Occurring Rna and Their Functions In Biol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they are poorly understood, exosomal RNAs may serve as signaling molecules to regulate gene expression in target cells. These circulating RNAs, especially miRNAs, may serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic targets for various diseases such as cancers. − …”

Section: Types Of Naturally Occurring Rna and Their Functions In Biol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress and Promise of RNA Medicine─An Arsenal of Targeted Treatments

Tenchov

Zhou

2022

J. Med. Chem.

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In the past decade, there has been a shift in research, clinical development, and commercial activity to exploit the many physiological roles of RNA for use in medicine. With the rapid success in the development of lipid–RNA nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and with several approved RNA-based drugs, RNA has catapulted to the forefront of drug research. With diverse functions beyond the role of mRNA in producing antigens or therapeutic proteins, many classes of RNA serve regulatory roles in cells and tissues. These RNAs have potential as new therapeutics, with RNA itself serving as either a drug or a target. Here, based on the CAS Content Collection , we provide a landscape view of the current state and outline trends in RNA research in medicine across time, geography, therapeutic pipelines, chemical modifications, and delivery mechanisms.

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“…One of the most important contents of EVs is nucleic acids that could be either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), double strands DNA (dsDNA), single strands DNA (ssDNA) (Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020), or different types of RNAs ranging from coding RNAs such as mRNAs to non-coding species (Chu et al, 2020;Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020;Skryabin et al, 2020). Among different types of nucleic acids, it seems that microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most important cargos of EVs.…”

Section: Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Leukemia: A Mesmerizing Journey With a Focus on Transferred microRNAs

Izadirad

Huang

Jafari

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Despite their small size, the membrane-bound particles named extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to play an enormous role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. From oncogenic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to become leukemic cells to alter the architecture of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, EVs are critical components of leukemia development. As a carrier of essential molecules, especially a group of small non-coding RNAs known as miRNA, recently, EVs have attracted tremendous attention as a prognostic factor. Given the importance of miRNAs in the early stages of leukemogenesis and also their critical parts in the development of drug-resistant phenotype, it seems that the importance of EVs in the development of leukemia is more than what is expected. To be familiar with the clinical value of leukemia-derived EVs, this review aimed to briefly shed light on the biology of EVs and to discuss the role of EV-derived miRNAs in the development of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. By elaborating the advances and challenges concerning the isolation of EVs, we discuss whether EVs could have a prognostic value in the clinical setting for leukemia.

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The potential of circulating exosomal RNA biomarkers in cancer

Cited by 11 publications

References 113 publications

Sampling, Logistics, and Analytics of Urine for RT-qPCR-based Diagnostics

Sampling, Logistics, and Analytics of Urine for RT-qPCR-based Diagnostics

The Progress and Promise of RNA Medicine─An Arsenal of Targeted Treatments

Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Leukemia: A Mesmerizing Journey With a Focus on Transferred microRNAs

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