The potential of cassava products in diets for poultry

Chauynarong, Navaporn; Elangovan, A.V.; Iji, Paul

doi:10.1017/s0043933909000002

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The peel, however, was more cyanogenic in plants from the high emissions scenarios (R. Gleadow et al, unpublished data). While the peel is not usually consumed by humans (except under extreme circumstances; Ministry of Health, Mozambique 1984b), it is often used in stock feed, and if not processed correctly it could decrease animal production (Chauynarong et al 2009;Ofuya and Obilor 1993) and thereby protein supply. Cassava peel is commonly fed to village chickens.…”

Section: Management Of Nutrients For Crop Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

et al. 2010

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Chemical ecology provides unique perspectives for managing plant/human interactions to achieve food security. Allelochemicals function as chemical defences of crop plants, enhancing yields. While ingested allelochemicals can confer health benefits to humans, at higher concentrations they are often toxic. The delicate balance between their positive and negative effects in crop plants is influenced by many factors. Some of these-how environment affects optimal levels of defence, how metabolic interactions with nutrients affect toxicity of ingested allelochemicals-are the province of chemical ecology. These biological factors, however, interact with social factors, and neither can be studied independently. Chemical ecologists must work together with social scientists to understand the overall system. Here, we illustrate such an integrative approach, analysing the interactions between people and the major tropical crop manioc, which contains cyanogenic glucosides. Polymorphism for cyanogen levels in manioc facilitates analysis of how costs and benefits of crop defences vary among social systems. We first show how people/ manioc interactions diversified in this crop's Amazonian homeland, then turn to the remarkable cultural adaptations of African farmers since manioc's introduction 400 years ago. Finally, we evaluate new coevolutionary challenges in parts of Africa where people are still unfamiliar with a potentially dangerous crop. Current environmental and social catastrophes have restricted farmers' options, resulting in acute problems in health of humans and ecosystems. We show that high cyanogen levels confer important agronomic advantages, but also impose costs and constraints that can only be understood when biology is coupled with analysis of social, cultural and economic factors. Detoxifying manioc technologically requires know-how, time, water and other resources. Detoxifying residual dietary cyanogens metabolically depends on being able to grow, or to buy, the nutrients required for detoxification, primarily sulphur-rich proteins. Solutions that appear adaptive today may not be in the future, as changing climate, rising atmospheric CO 2 levels and decreased access to fertilizers affect productivity of crops and the nutrient and allelochemical composition of the foods they are used to produce.

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Section: Management Of Nutrients For Crop Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

et al. 2010

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“…The utilization of cassava root meal in broiler rations, however, is limited by, e.g. the content of cyanogenetic glycosides compounds (Chauynarong et al 2009). Akapo et al (2014) reported that although inclusion of 10 % peeled cassava root meal in the diet had some economic advantages, this practice might impair the growth and health of broiler chickens due to reduced protein content and the presence of cyanogenetic glycosides residues leading to incidence of toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances and haematological profile of broilers fed fermented dried cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Sugiharto

Yudiarti

Isroli

2016

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The effect of feeding fermented dried cassava (gathot) on the performances and haematological profile of broilers was investigated. There were four dietary treatments arranged in a completely randomized design, i.e. control diet and diets containing 25, 50 or 100 g/kg gathot. The birds were provided with the treatment diets ad libitum from 8 to 35 days of age. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined weekly. At day 32, the birds were blood sampled, sacrificed and immediately the internal organs and abdominal fat were removed and weighed. Feeding gathot at various levels did not affect (P > 0.05) the growth and FCR, but tended (P = 0.09) to reduce the feed cost per kilogramme live weight gain of broilers. The dietary treatments did not cause toxicological effect on broilers, indicated by the values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) that were not different from those in the control diet. Dietary inclusion of gathot lowered heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H/L ratio) (P < 0.05) and albumin to globulin ratio (A/G ratio) (P = 0.14) of broilers as compared to the control diet. Total triglyceride was lower (P < 0.05) in the serum of broilers fed diets containing 5 and 10 % of gathot, when compared with that in the control diet. The treatments resulted in reduced abdominal fat deposition in broilers. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of gathot at up to 10 % had no negative impact on the growth performance of broilers. Feeding gathot has potential to improve the health and physiological stress responses as well as reduce body fat deposition in broilers.

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“…In the case of cassava leaves, the first limiting amino acid for growing pigs is methionine closely followed by lysine (Chauynarong et al 2009; Montagnac et al 2009; Nguyen et al 2010a). Methionine is not only required for growth and maintenance of body protein but also for in vivo detoxification of hydrogen cyanide (Job 1975; Tewe 1992) to non-toxic thiocyanate (Oke 1978) when pigs are fed cassava leaf or root ingredients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have determined the ileal apparent digestibility of a number of protein-rich foliages (cassava leaves, leacaena leaves, groundnut foliage, sweet potato leaves) available in tropical countries (Phuc and Lindberg 2001 ; An et al 2004 ; Nguyen et al 2010a ). In the case of cassava leaves, the first limiting amino acid for growing pigs is methionine closely followed by lysine (Chauynarong et al 2009 ; Montagnac et al 2009 ; Nguyen et al 2010a ). Methionine is not only required for growth and maintenance of body protein but also for in vivo detoxification of hydrogen cyanide (Job 1975 ; Tewe 1992 ) to non-toxic thiocyanate (Oke 1978 ) when pigs are fed cassava leaf or root ingredients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig performance increases with the addition of dl-methionine and l-lysine to ensiled cassava leaf protein diets

Ngoan

Verstegen

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Two studies were conducted to determine the impact of supplementation of diets containing ensiled cassava leaves as the main protein source with synthetic amino acids, dl-methionine alone or with L-lysine. In study 1, a total of 40 pigs in five units, all cross-breds between Large White and Mong Cai, with an average initial body weight of 20.5 kg were randomly assigned to four treatments consisting of a basal diet containing 45% of dry matter (DM) from ensiled cassava leaves (ECL) and ensiled cassava root supplemented with 0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% dl-methionine (as DM). Results showed a significantly improved performance and protein gain by extra methionine. This reduced the feed cost by 2.6%, 7.2% and 7.5%, respectively. In study 2, there were three units and in each unit eight cross-bred (Large White × Mong Cai) pigs with an initial body weight of 20.1 kg were randomly assigned to the four treatments. The four diets were as follows: a basal diet containing 15% ECL (as DM) supplemented with different amounts of amino acids l-lysine and dl-methionine to the control diet. The results showed that diets with 15% of DM as ECL with supplementation of 0.2% lysine +0.1% dl-methionine and 0.1% lysine +0.05% dl-methionine at the 20–50 kg and above 50 kg, respectively, resulted in the best performance, protein gain and lowest costs for cross-bred (Large White × Mong Cai) pigs. Ensiled cassava leaves can be used as a protein supplement for feeding pigs provided the diets contain additional amounts of synthetic lysine and methionine.

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The potential of cassava products in diets for poultry

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change

Performances and haematological profile of broilers fed fermented dried cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Pig performance increases with the addition of dl-methionine and l-lysine to ensiled cassava leaf protein diets

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