The potential of biochar and lignin-based adsorbents for wastewater treatment: Comparison, mechanism, and application—A review

Recent Advances in Biochar Polymer Composites

“…Unlike other carbon-based materials, BC is derived from sustainable biomass resources and possesses high thermal stability and hardness, high surface area, good chemical stability, and electrical conductivity [8][9][10][11]. Up to now, BC has been widely investigated for environmental remediation [12][13][14], as catalyst support [15], and for energy storage applications [16]. Nevertheless, BC-based composites still require optimization to reach performance comparable to traditional carbon-based fillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes.…”

Biowaste valorization: multifunctional hybrid lignin/TiO2 nanostructures for bacterial-biocide disinfection and dye removal

“…These drawbacks, along with the bulk lignin's tendency to form aggregates in an aqueous environment, have so far greatly limited the valorization processes of this intriguing material, relegating this biopolymer to the role of waste. 11,12 Indeed, only 2% of the world annual production of lignin is converted into highvalue chemical compounds, while the majority is used for low-tech applications such as fuel. 13 With the aim to overcome some of these issues, several authors have recently proposed the design of lignin-based nanostructured materials, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanofilms, and nanotubes, also combining them with inorganic oxides.…”

Biomass-Based Hydrothermal Carbons for the Contaminants Removal of Wastewater: A Mini-Review

“…Numerous treatment techniques, including adsorption, reduction reactions, membrane processes, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and bioremediation, etc., have been developed by researchers [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Among these methods, adsorption has received more and more attention owing to its extensive application potential, simple operation, and high repeatability [ 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, the development of effective preparation techniques and low-cost, high-performance adsorbents is crucial for the treatment of wastewater.…”