The potential of Amomum tsao-ko as a traditional Chinese medicine: Traditional clinical applications, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties

Analysis of Chemical Changes during Maturation of Amomum tsao-ko Based on GC-MS, FT-NIR, and FT-MIR

“…The FT-NIR spectra of A. tsao-ko at different maturity stages are shown in Figure a, where seven common characteristic absorption peaks can be observed with some differences in the absorbance intensity. The characteristic peak near 8316.14 cm –1 is caused by the second overtone of the C–H stretch and may be related to the aliphatic compounds in A. tsao-ko . The characteristic peaks near 6807.83 and 5778.66 cm –1 are mainly caused by O–H, N–H modes, and C–H stretched overtones which may be associated with polyphenols, polysaccharides and cellulose .…”

“…The characteristic peak near 8316.14 cm −1 is caused by the second overtone of the C−H stretch and may be related to the aliphatic compounds in A. tsao-ko. 35 The characteristic peaks near 6807.83 and 5778.66 cm −1 are mainly caused by O−H, N−H modes, and C−H stretched overtones which may be associated with polyphenols, polysaccharides and cellulose. 36 The characteristic peak near 5186.54 cm −1 is attributed to the first overtone of O−H stretching and C−O distortion, which is mainly present in water and polysaccharides.…”

“…It is a well-known traditional Southeast Asian spice, often used to flavor and deodorize beef and lamb during the cooking process . It is also an important medicinal plant and is used in folklore to treat malaria, indigestion, diarrhea, and other ailments . In southwest China, A. tsao-ko is also used as an important cash crop and is known as “Jin-guoguo”, which means a fruit as valuable as gold.…”

“… 2 It is also an important medicinal plant and is used in folklore to treat malaria, indigestion, diarrhea, and other ailments. 3 In southwest China, A. tsao-ko is also used as an important cash crop and is known as “Jin-guoguo”, which means a fruit as valuable as gold. In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity, A. tsao-ko has a large application market in China due to its beneficial health properties.…”

Morphological and anatomical studies of Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang: An endemic plant from Vietnam

“…This is consistent with the results of hydrolyzed distillate oil yield from leaves (0.43%) and rhizomes (0.37%) from C. vietnamense reported by Nguyen et al (2023). Rhizomes of most species within the family Zingiberaceae (e.g., Amomum tsao-ko, Z. officinale, Z. montanum, Z. zerumbet, and C. sahuynhensis) are commonly used in folklore for the flavor, color, aroma of food and the treatment of diseases including stomach problems, ulcers, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting, sore throat, cough, common cold, bruises, wounds, rheumatism, muscular pains, atherosclerosis, and anti-cancer (Shukla and Singh 2007;Sharifi-Rad et al 2017;Van Chen et al 2022b;He et al 2023). Nguyen et al (2023) reported that eucalyptol (49.49% in leaves oil, 40.47% in rhizomes oil), limonene (26.20% in leaves oil, 18.74% in rhizomes oil), α-pinene (4.91% in leaves oil, 3.60% in rhizomes oil), and αphellandrene (3.77% in leaves oil, 3.30% in rhizomes oil) were the main constituents in the essential oil of C. vietnamense leaves and rhizomes.…”