The Potential of Accelerator-Driven Systems for Transmutation or Power Production Using Thorium or Uranium Fuel Cycles

Analysis of thorium and uranium based nuclear fuel options in Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor

“…Note that the neutron spectra of the 239 Pu loading fuels are significantly harder than the other cases, which mainly result from the larger absorption cross section of 239 Pu around 0.3 eV (http:// www.nndc.bnl.gov/exfor/endf00.jsp). These spectrum characteristics for different heavy metal fuels also exist in other types of reactors (Chaudri et al, 2013;Salvatores et al, 1997). Table 1 presents the neutronics parameters of the FHR core with the six fuel options.…”

“…The majority of options for the use of thorium previously proposed have relied on highly innovative reactor concepts (Lung, 1997), such as Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) (Merle-Lucotte et al, 2008), Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) (Ramanna and Lee, 1986), Super Critical Water Reactor (SCWR) (Chaudri et al, 2013) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) (Salvatores et al, 1997). And the studies of thorium utilization with existing reactors, in most cases PWR specific, were also summarized (Puill, 1999).…”

Investigation of subcritical multiplication parameters in TRIGA Mark II accelerator driven system

“…For a subcritical system with an external source at a steady state, the neutron multiplication M and the subcritical multiplication factor k s (Shahbunder et al, 2010a,b;Salvatores, 1999;Salvatores et al, 1997) are defined as follows: …”

Nuclear and thermal-hydraulics analysis of spallation window targets

“…Subcritical nuclear reactors have been proposed for a number of applications, from energy production [1,2] to fertile-to-fissile conversion [3] and to transmutation of long-lived radionuclei into stable or much shorter-lived nuclei [4,5]. The main advantage of subcritical reactors is their large reactivity margin for not to attain promptsupercritical power surges, as the one that destroyed the Chernobyl-4 reactor in April 1986 [6,7].…”