The Potential of a Surface-Modified Titanium Implant with Tetrapeptide for Osseointegration Enhancement

Abstract

In this study, the innovative dip-coating technique treated titanium (IDCT-Ti) implant with tetrapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) coating was investigated for its potential to enhance osseointegration. The L929 fibroblast cells were cultured in different concentrations of the GRGD (1%, 2%, and 5%). The cell viability was assessed through 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and live/dead staining. The surface topography and nano-indentation were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The hemocompatibility was evaluated via field-emission scanning electron microscopy, while contact angle analysis was detected by a goniometer. Radiograph evaluation was determined by panoramic imaging. It was found that the cell growth increased and had a survival rate of more than 70% in 1% GRGD. The mortality of L929 increased with the higher concentration of GRGD. The IDCT-Ti coated with 1% GRGD showed a nano-surface with a Young’s modulus that was similar to human cortical bone, and it displayed greater red blood cell accumulations with abundant fibrin formation. As regards the wettability, the IDCT-Ti coated with 1% GRGD was lower than the SLA (sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched) treated implant. The X-ray image exhibited no bone loss around the implant at six months after placement. As a result, this study suggests that the IDCT-Ti implant, coated with 1% GRGD, has a tremendous likeliness to enhance osseointegration.

An Innovative Customized Biomimetic Hydrogel for Drug Screening Application Potential: Biocompatibility and Cell Invasion Ability

“…However, the use of RGD peptides in low concentrations allowed cell survival [24]. RGD peptide is also able to increase the attachment of fibroblast cells, but GRGD peptide as a sequence of RGD binds more to osteoblast cells [16,24]. Therefore, in this study, the viability of osteoblast cells was higher than that of fibroblasts cells.…”

“…Moreover, the formation of spheroids on 3BE is possible because this medium resembles the ECM and contains various membrane proteins [7,9,24]. 3BE with GRGD peptide content can induce cells for self-assembly.…”

“…This peptide motif can promote cell proliferation and differentiation [9]. However, RGD peptide is known to be sensitive to various types of cells including osteoblasts and fibroblasts, and can even cause cell death [24,25]. However, the use of RGD peptides in low concentrations allowed cell survival [24].…”

“…However, RGD peptide is known to be sensitive to various types of cells including osteoblasts and fibroblasts, and can even cause cell death [24,25]. However, the use of RGD peptides in low concentrations allowed cell survival [24]. RGD peptide is also able to increase the attachment of fibroblast cells, but GRGD peptide as a sequence of RGD binds more to osteoblast cells [16,24].…”

Surface Properties and Biocompatibility of Anodized Titanium with a Potential Pretreatment for Biomedical Applications

“…Accordingly, the rising effective surface area that will increase the hydrophilicity of the surface [1,26]. Good wettability will have an impact on the absorption of biological fluids, proteins, and cells on the Ti surface, as well as affecting cell morphology, adhesions, and proliferation [21,29,30].…”