THE POTENTIAL NORTHERN DISPERSAL OF THE GYPSY MOTH, <i>PORTHETRIA DISPAR</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

Sullivan, C. R.; Wallace, David Rains

doi:10.4039/ent1041349-9

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Marie, ON), the natural spread of gypsy moth has been limited by a combination of unsuitable climate and lack of susceptible forest types. The relative contribution of these two factors in limiting the insect's northern spread has been controversial (Sullivan and Wallace 1972;Williams and Liebhold 1995;Sharov et al 1999). The GMLS model used here predicts closely the current distribution of the insect in eastern Canada on the basis of climate suitability alone indicating climate plays the dominant role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

2008

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“…Simultaneously, exposure to extremely cold temperatures results in mortality to eggs (Madrid & Stewart, ; Maksimovic, ; Summers, ). As such, northern expansion of gypsy moth populations in North America has been predicted to be limited by winter temperatures, bounded by a −30°C isoline (Brown & Sheals, ; Sullivan & Wallace, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range expansion ofLymantria dispar dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) along its north‐western margin in North America despite low predicted climatic suitability

Streifel

Tobin

Kees

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The European gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar (L.), (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is an invasive defoliator that has been expanding its range in North America following its introduction in 1869. Here, we investigate recent range expansion into a region previously predicted to be climatically unsuitable. We examine whether winter severity is correlated with summer trap captures of male moths at the landscape scale, and quantify overwintering egg survivorship along a northern boundary of the invasion edge. Location Northern Minnesota, USA. Methods Several winter severity metrics were defined using daily temperature data from 17 weather stations across the study area. These metrics were used to explore associations with male gypsy moth monitoring data (2004–2014). Laboratory‐reared egg masses were deployed to field locations each fall for 2 years in a 2 × 2 factorial design (north/south aspect × below/above snow line) to reflect microclimate variation. Rates of successful egg hatch were assessed the following springs. Results Reductions in summer male moth captures are associated with several metrics of winter severity, such as minimum temperatures. Most egg masses suffered >95% mortality each winter. However, hatching success reached up to 80% in egg masses that had overwintered below the snow line (e.g., <30 cm from the ground). Main Conclusions Our findings that cold winter temperatures are associated with reduced summer trap captures of European gypsy moth, likely due to increased overwintering mortality of exposed egg masses, are consistent with previous predictions of thermal range boundaries for this species. However, high survival in egg masses deposited close to the ground are consistent with thermal escape in subnivean environs (i.e., below snow cover), and suggest that further northward range expansion will be likely in areas that receive measurable annual snowfall.

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“…Johnson et al, 1983;Casagrande et al, 1987;Logan et al, 1991;Sheehan, 1992;Sawyer et al, 1993;Gray et al, 1995Gray et al, , 2001Gray, 2009). First, overwintering eggs are adversely affected by cold temperatures; for diapausing eggs, mortality begins at %À18°C with a supercooling point of %À28°C (Summers, 1922;Sullivan & Wallace, 1972;Campbell, 1973). R egni ere & Nealis, 2002;Gray, 2004;Logan et al, 2007;Pitt et al, 2007;R egni ere et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supraoptimal temperatures influence the range dynamics of a non‐native insect

Tobin

Gray

Liebhold

2014

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim To examine the relationship between the range dynamics of the nonnative species Lymantria dispar (L.) and supraoptimal temperatures during its larval and pupal period.Location West Virginia and Virginia, United States, North America.Methods We linked the annual frequency of supraoptimal temperatures during the larval and pupal period of L. dispar with annual changes in its range dynamics based upon a spatially robust 20-year dataset. Correlation analyses were used to estimate the association between exposure time above the optimal temperature for L. dispar larval and pupal development, and the rate of invasion spread when adjusted for spatial autocorrelation.Results We documented L. dispar range expansion, stasis, and retraction across a fairly narrow latitudinal region. We also observed differences in the amount of exposure above the optimal temperature for L. dispar larval and pupal development across this region. Temperature regimes in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of Virginia, where the L. dispar range has retracted or remained static, were warmer than those in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and West Virginia, where L. dispar has expanded its range. Our analyses at a smaller spatial scale confirmed a statistically negative association between exposure time above the optimal temperature for L. dispar larvae and pupae, and the rate of L. dispar invasion spread over the 20-year period.Main conclusions The shifting, expansion and retraction of species distributional ranges holds critical implications to both invasion ecology and conservation biology. This work provides novel empirical evidence of the importance of supraoptimal temperatures on the range dynamics of a non-native invasive insect with application to both non-native and native species whose physiological processes are strongly regulated by temperature.

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THE POTENTIAL NORTHERN DISPERSAL OF THE GYPSY MOTH, PORTHETRIA DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

Range expansion ofLymantria dispar dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) along its north‐western margin in North America despite low predicted climatic suitability

Supraoptimal temperatures influence the range dynamics of a non‐native insect

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