The potential influence of human parainfluenza viruses detected during hospitalization among critically ill patients in Kuwait, 2013–2015

Abstract

BackgroundThe four types of human parainfluenza viruses (PIV) are important causes of community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in children; however, limited information exists about the incidence of PIV in critically ill patients. The aim of this study is to describe the spectrum, incidence and clinical features of PIV-associated infections diagnosed during the hospital stay of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and intensive care unit (ICU) of 5 medical centers across Kuwait.MethodsThis was a population-based, retrospective study from 2013 to 2015. Specimens were analyzed by molecular methods. This analysis was performed using the database of Virology Unit, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital. Data from 1510 admitted patients with suspected respiratory viral infections was extracted.ResultsThe database contained a total of 39 (2.6%) patients infected with PIV (53.8% male and 46.2% females) and 20 (51.3%) were under 1 year of age. The most frequently isolated type was type 3 (28, 71.8%) followed by type 1 (9, 23.1%). At admission the most common clinical diagnosis was pneumonia in 12 patients (30.8%, p < 0.05) followed by bronchiolitis in 10 patients (25.6%).ConclusionPIV plays an important yet unrecognized role in the outcomes of PIUC and ICU patients. Our results contribute to the limited epidemiologic data of PIV in PIUC and ICU in this region.

The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adult Patients With Pneumonia Related to Three Paramyxoviruses

“…Previous studies showed that the mortality of PMV infection among adults is 0-50%, depending on the virus type, immune status of the host, and severity of disease (28)(29)(30), which is consistent with our results. However, most of these studies focused on lower respiratory tract infections or acute respiratory infections affected by these PMVs.…”

“…Furthermore, the outcomes of infectious diseases were influenced by hosts, pathogens, and environments ( 31 ). In some studies, clinical outcomes were only compared directly with disease severity of the three PMV infections and were not controlled for confounders ( 10 , 21 , 23 , 28 , 29 , 32 ). In our study, after adjustment for numerous potential confounders, we found that, compared with hMPV-P and hPIV-p, RSV-p was associated with increased risks for invasive ventilation, ICU admission, and 30-day mortality.…”

Update in Viral Infections in the Intensive Care Unit

“…Adults can also be infected; up to 11.5% of adult hospitalizations for RTIs attributed to HPIVs (31)(32)(33). An epidemiological study in Kuwait demonstrated that HPIVs were isolated from 2.6% of immunocompetent patients with viral infections requiring admission in pediatric and adult ICUs (34). Concerning HRhV, a recent epidemiological study in mechanically ventilated adult patients in five ICUs demonstrated that HRhV were the second most prevalent virus (5%) after HPIV (6%), independently of the cause of ICU admission (35).…”

Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 4 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in children in Luohe City, Henan Province, China, during 2017–2018

“…et al [7] and was first associated with mild respiratory illness in young people. However, recent studies have indicated that it can cause more-severe infections, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis, in children and elderly individuals [8][9][10][11][12], and in immunocompetent individuals as well as critically ill patients [13][14][15].…”