The potential impact of climate variability on siltation of Andean reservoirs

Rosas, Miluska A.; Vanacker, Veerle; Viveen, Willem; Gutiérrez, Ronald R.; Huggel, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124396

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The relatively low R² statistic points to significant scatter in the data, which is not atypical for small to mediumsized mountain rivers (Latrubesse & Restrepo, 2014;Vanacker et al, 2007a;Rosas et al, 2020). This is probably a reflection of the flashy regime of the Pangor River, causing large variability in discharge and suspended sediment concentration through time.…”

Section: Sediment-gauging-based Average Sediment Yieldmentioning

confidence: 96%

Distribución espacio-temporal de los deslizamientos y erosión hídrica en una cuenca Andina tropical

et al. 2020

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Las cadenas montañosas en las regiones tropicales se caracterizan por las altas tasas de erosión debido a los eventos de lluvia intensa, terrenos escarpados y al alto grado de meteorización del material parental. Los deslizamientos son fenómenos recurrentes, y son considerados como los procesos más importantes de erosión en las zonas montañosas y las principales fuentes de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Con el objetivo de cuantificar la contribución de sedimentos provenientes de los deslizamientos al sistema fluvial, se realizó un estudio de caso en la Cuenca del Río Pangór, Ecuador. En este estudio, se cuantificó las tasas de erosión a escala de cuenca por medio de información derivada de estaciones de aforo de caudales e inventarios de isótopos cosmogénicos en sedimentos fluviales. Después, se evaluó la fiabilidad y validez de la información obtenida con el objetivo de cuantificar la carga de sedimento transportado por el río en regiones montañosas. Finalmente, se analizó la fracción de la carga total de sedimento proveniente de deslizamientos en las laderas. La cuenca del Río Pangór fue seleccionada por su extensa serie de tiempo de datos hidrometeorológicos (1974-2009). La carga de sedimento en el Río Pangór fue estimada por medio de un análisis de magnitudfrecuencia de la información recolectada en una estación hidrométrica y datos de concentración de sedimentos en suspensión. Los resultados muestran un valor de un orden de magnitud menor que la tasa de erosión calculada en función de los inventarios de isótopos cosmogénicos. Esta diferencia se explica por (i) la dificultad de extrapolar la información sobre la frecuencia temporal de los caudales y la carga de sedimento en regímenes hidrológicos no estacionarios, y (ii) el submuestreo de eventos extremos. Bajo estas condiciones, la cuantificación de las tasas de erosión derivadas de los isótopos cosmogénicos proporcionan una metodología alternativa para la cuantificación de la carga total de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Un inventario multitemporal (1963-2010) de deslizamientos fue desarrollado a partir de imágenes de satélite y fotografías aéreas. Mediante trabajo de campo se generó información sobre la geometría de los deslizamientos para la cuantificación de volúmenes de sedimento producido por los deslizamientos. En la cuenca del Río Pangór las altas tasas de erosión producida por los deslizamientos varían entre 1688+901−326 y 630+300−108 t.km2.y-1, valores que son similares a las tasas de erosión derivadas de isotopos cosmogénicos. Los resultados indican que los deslizamientos son las principales fuentes de sedimento en esta cuenca montañosa.

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Section: Sediment-gauging-based Average Sediment Yieldmentioning

confidence: 96%

Distribución espacio-temporal de los deslizamientos y erosión hídrica en una cuenca Andina tropical

et al. 2020

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“…Pabón-Caicedo et al (2020) recently reported that temperatures in the Andean region are increasing, while precipitation is projected to decrease in the northern Andean region and increase in the southern region, with other local site-specific changes on the western and eastern slopes. Rosas et al (2020) reported that even under positive scenarios of a changing climate, potential increases in erosion will negatively impact the siltation of Andean storage reservoirs. Riquetti et al (2020) used global circulation models to study current trends and future patterns related to erosivity in South America, including the Andean region.…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rosas et al. (2020) reported that even under positive scenarios of a changing climate, potential increases in erosion will negatively impact the siltation of Andean storage reservoirs.…”

Section: Global Challenges To Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Chimbo river watershed in highland Ecuador provides about 40% of the water to the Guayas River, undoubtedly the most economically important river system in Ecuador as it serves as a source of water for industries, large cities, and agriculture; provides a means of transport; and flows to the Gulf of Guayaquil, which is the largest estuarine ecosystem on the Pacific coast of South America (Barrera et al., 2012; Barrera Crespo et al., 2019). Upstream erosion lowers water quality and leads to siltation and associated flooding downstream (Barrowclough et al., 2016; Barrera Crespo et al., 2019; Restrepo & Escobar, 2018; Rosas et al., 2020). Climate change will not only affect the sustainability of soils in the higher elevations but will also impact lower elevation areas, where siltations will reduce water storage and create greater potential for flooding (Barrera Crespo et al., 2019).…”

Section: Global Challenges To Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation agriculture can help the South American Andean region achieve food security

Barrera

Delgado

Alwang³

2021

Agronomy Journal

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The Andean region of Ecuador is dominated by small-scale agriculture on steep slopes vulnerable to erosion, soil degradation, and subsequent productivity loss. Soil erosion rates exceed the average rate of soil formation by 9-286 times, making current agricultural practices in the region unsustainable, and threatening to increase food insecurity. The projected effects of a changing climate vary across the Andean region, with higher precipitation and erosion rates projected for some areas. However, even in areas where the precipitation rates are expected to be lower, the projected erosion rates will still be unsustainable. Research on conservation agriculture (CA) practices conducted from 2008 to 2017 in the highlands of Ecuador suggests that yields and cost savings ultimately make several CA production systems profitable compared to conventional practices. In the very short term, large gains did not emerge, and the best that could be said about CA is that it did not reduce productivity. Over the medium term, improvements in soil health (lower erosion) led to higher profitability that made the practices more profitable than conventional practices over the entire rotation. However, adoption of these alternatives by local producers, even in research areas, is low. Lack of public or private agricultural extension contributes to slow diffusion of new technology and best management practices in the region. There is a need to develop improved communication with local farmers to more effectively relay how CA protects the soil, mitigates degradation, and provides a means to achieve food security and avoid a humanitarian crisis. GLOBAL CHALLENGES TO FOOD SECURITY 1.1Climate change and intensive agriculture could increase erosion rates, potentially catalyzing a regional catastrophe in the Andes One of the greatest challenges facing the Andean region of South America is how to mitigate potential impacts of Abbreviations: CA, conservation agriculture;

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“…For example, small water reservoirs can slow down the water runoff and change the landscape microclimate, dampen the peaks of flash floodings, facilitate erosion control, accumulate the water in the landscape and filtrate the wastes. Small dams can be an important local source of drinking/industrial water; they are utilizable for energy or fish production and provide habitat for water plants and animals [2]. They can be utilized for biodiversity promotion and represent an essential element of landscape beauty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siltation of Small Water Reservoir under Climate Change: A Case Study from Forested Mountain Landscape of Western Carpathians, Slovakia

Juško

Sedmák

Kúdela

2022

Water

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The effectiveness of small reservoirs in a mountain landscape continuously decreases over time due to the gradual siltation. We examined two hypotheses about the enhanced siltation rate and the constant relative contribution of unpaved roads to the siltation of a small water reservoir in the period 1990–2014, with pronounced climate change, compared to the reference period 1970–1989. Analysis was based on deposit volumes extracted from the reservoir in 1989 and detected at the reservoir bottom in 2014. The geographical information systems, image analysis and universal soil loss equation were applied to model the soil erosion according to the two sources—catchment area and roads—to study siltation processes in depth. Despite expectations, rates of siltation were almost unchanged in compared periods. The positive changes in vegetation cover (the forest expansion and changes in forest management practices) offset the enlarged rain erosivity. On the other hand, road erosion increased by 41% from 1990 and became twice as much a contributor to sediments compared to 1970–1989. The intensity of erosion from roads was from 13 to 29 times greater than from other areas. Therefore, proper maintenance of road networks could rapidly decrease reservoir siltation. Moreover, we recommend continuous cover forestry as a critical measure for central Europe’s forested regions to prevent growing erosion pressures.

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The potential impact of climate variability on siltation of Andean reservoirs

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Distribución espacio-temporal de los deslizamientos y erosión hídrica en una cuenca Andina tropical

Distribución espacio-temporal de los deslizamientos y erosión hídrica en una cuenca Andina tropical

Conservation agriculture can help the South American Andean region achieve food security

Siltation of Small Water Reservoir under Climate Change: A Case Study from Forested Mountain Landscape of Western Carpathians, Slovakia

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