The potential for phosphorus loss in relation to nitrogen fertiliser application and cultivation

McDowell, R. W.; Monaghan, Rachel

doi:10.1080/00288233.2002.9513515

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Excluding N fertilization may have had a greater influence on P leaching than the P fertilization regime had. Similar results, with increased P leaching when N fertilization was excluded, were reported by McDowell and Monaghan (2002). However, Williams and Young (1994) observed a decrease in P leaching when N fertilization was excluded.…”

Section: Measured Phosphorus Concentrations In Drainage Water and Phosupporting

confidence: 76%

Long-term measurements and model simulations of phosphorus leaching from a manured sandy soil

Liu¹,

Aronsson²,

Blombäck³

et al. 2012

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Cropping systems with high phosphorus (P) inputs may constitute a risk of P leaching, which contributes to eutrophication. The main objective of this study was to identify P leaching risks associated with three long-term fertilization regimes in separately tile-drained plots on a sandy soil in southwest Sweden. The three regimes resulted in different annual P surpluses of, on average, 16 kg P ha −1 (14 lb P ac) in mineral form and 18 kg P ha −1 (16 lb P ac) and 37 kg P ha −1 (33 lb P ac) as pig slurry. The importance of different soil characteristics (soil P, iron, aluminum, and calcium content, and degree of P saturation [DPS]) and processes (water flow and P sorption/desorption) was examined using 15 years (1989 to 2003) of P leaching measurements and simulations with the ICECREAM model. Measurements of high soil P content and DPS values in the topsoil, in combination with high precipitation and rapid water flow, indicated a high potential for P losses, which was confirmed by the model simulations. However, the model considerably overestimated total P leaching by a factor of 5 to 9 since measured P leaching was small for all treatments. Measured mean annual total P leaching and total P concentration ranged respectively from 0.14 kg ha ) in the mineral P treatment. The differences in concentration were statistically significant (p < 0.001). A main conclusion from this 15-year study was that annual pig slurry application rates of 37 to 58 kg P ha −1 (33 to 52 lb P ac −1 ) did not increase P leaching. High sorption capacity of the subsoil, caused by Fe, Al, and Ca, was obviously very important for controlling P losses. Thus, information on soil P content and fertilization must be supplemented with estimates of soil P sorption capacity when evaluating the risk of P leaching for different soils. This must also be considered in models used for assessment of P leaching from arable land. The current ICECREAM model does not include appropriate functions for describing P sorption/desorption processes in this type of soil and needs further development. Key words: phosphorus application rate-phosphorus leaching-pig slurry-sorption/ desorption processes-ICECREAM modelAgriculture is estimated to contribute roughly 40% of the phosphorus (P) loading to Swedish fresh waters and the Baltic Sea, which are threatened with accelerating eutrophication (Brandt and Ejhed 2003). The mechanisms and processes behind P transport from agricultural soils to water are complex. Topography, soil texture/structure, soil chemical properties, and precipitation are factors that determine the type of losses (i.e., surface runoff, erosion, or leaching) that dominate for a specific soil, which in turn determines how different management practices affect P losses. One of the most important factors is P fertilization, which can affect P losses in different ways depending on type of fertilizer (inorganic or organic), application rate and method (incorporation or not), and time of application.Excessive applications of P, especially in areas wi...

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Section: Measured Phosphorus Concentrations In Drainage Water and Phosupporting

confidence: 76%

Long-term measurements and model simulations of phosphorus leaching from a manured sandy soil

Liu¹,

Aronsson²,

Blombäck³

et al. 2012

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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“…The same study observed that dominant preferential flow (macropores) could by-pass high sorption capacity in the subsoil and give high losses in other soils. No-till practices may enhance preferential flow (Persson 2001;Petersen et al 1997;McDowell and Monaghan 2002).…”

Section: Background: Leaching and Transport Of Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Based Modelling of Phosphorus Losses from Arable Land

Ekstrand

Wallenberg

Djodjic

2010

AMBIO

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Improved understanding of temporal and spatial Phosphorus (P) discharge variations is needed for improved modelling and prioritisation of abatement strategies that take into account local conditions . This study is aimed at developing modelling of agricultural Phosphorus losses with improved spatial and temporal resolution, and to compare the accuracy of a detailed process-based model with a rainfall-runoff coefficient-based model. The process-based SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was implemented for five river basins in central Sweden, and results compared with the rainfall-runoff coefficient-based model WATSHMAN (Watershed Management System) for one of these river basins. Parameter settings and attribute values were adapted to Scandinavian soil conditions, crops and management practices. Model performance regarding flow dynamics was overall satisfactory. Comparable results were achieved at several scales. The modelled P load was of high accuracy for the days when monitoring data were available for validation, generally once a month. Modelled monthly P load did not fit as well with averaged monthly monitoring load values, mainly since monthly monitoring often partly or entirely misses the peak flows. The comparison of SWAT and WATSHMAN gave slightly better results for the processbased model (SWAT). Better spatial resolution for input data such as Soil-P content and agricultural management practices will be required to reach modelling results that enable identification of measures adapted to local conditions.

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“…Thus, for subsurface flow, a short-term (30 min) extraction of soil with 0.01M CaCl 2 at a soil to solution ratio of 1:5 was designed by Schofield (1955) to simulate the correct ionic strength for soil solution in near-neutral pH and calcareous soils. This test has been used recently for the prediction of P behaviour and concentration in subsurface flow in the United Kingdom, United States, and New Zealand (McDowell & Condron 1999;McDowell & Sharpley 2001;Blake et al 2002;McDowell & Monaghan 2002;McDowell unpubl.). The data for these studies is plotted in Fig.…”

Section: Laboratory Extractions For P Loss Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since all of the soils were under grassland when sampled, it is not surprising to see the least variation is evident in pH, while other chemical parameters such as Olsen P, organic C, and % P retention reflect their pedological origin and probably recent fertiliser management ( Table 2). The soils selected to evaluate a quick laboratory test to predict P in overland flow represent a wide ranging subset of soils from this group, while data from the literature is used to show the validity of an established quick laboratory test for P in subsurface flow (McDowell & Sharpley 2001;McDowell & Monaghan 2002).…”

Section: Laboratory Extractions For P Loss Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating phosphorus loss from New Zealand grassland soils

McDowell

Condron

2004

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

114

108

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The potential for phosphorus (P) loss from New Zealand grassland soils was assessed using a combination of measured soil chemical properties and concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP) determined in drainage and overland flow from simulated rainfall experiments. Soil analyses included Olsen P, calcium chloride (0.01M CaCl 2 ) and water extractable DRP, P sorption index (PSI), and % P retention. Results confirmed that DRP concentrations in drainage and overland flow were closely related to CaCl 2 -and water-extractable DRP in soil, respectively. The preliminary data indicated that the potential concentration of DRP in subsurface and overland flow from pasture soils that have not been recently grazed and at a small scale (e.g., overland flow from 1-m lengths) could be estimated from Olsen P and PSI (or P retention) data according to the following equations: DRP (subsurface flow) = 1.480 (Olsen P/PSI) = 0.069 (Olsen P/P retention) + 0.007 DRP (overland flow) = 0.495 (Olsen P/PSI) = 0.024 (Olsen P/P retention) + 0.024.

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The potential for phosphorus loss in relation to nitrogen fertiliser application and cultivation

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Long-term measurements and model simulations of phosphorus leaching from a manured sandy soil

Long-term measurements and model simulations of phosphorus leaching from a manured sandy soil

Process Based Modelling of Phosphorus Losses from Arable Land

Estimating phosphorus loss from New Zealand grassland soils

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