The potential for long‐term cost‐effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions in the early years of life

Brown, Vicki; Ananthapavan, Jaithri; Sonntag, Diana; Tan, Eng Joo; Hayes, Alison; Moodie, Marj

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12517

Cited by 37 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A number of studies reported marginal effects that were not statistically significant (Ostbye et al, 2012;Paul et al, 2011;Woo Baidal et al, 2017); however, most studies did not have longterm follow-up of the interventions. Also, the nature of the age group, under-fives, means that dietary habits formed at this age are likely to lifelong influence in relation to food preferences, making interventions at this stage of life very cost-effective (Brown et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions that prevent or reduce obesity in children from birth to five years of age: A systematic review

Narzisi

Simons

2020

J Child Health Care

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Childhood obesity worldwide affects 5.6% or 38.3 million children under five years of age. The longer children are overweight or obese, the more likely they are to become obese adults with all the contingent morbidity involved. An extensive number of preventive interventions to combat childhood obesity have been carried out worldwide. This article reports a systematic review of interventions aimed to reducing or preventing obesity under-fives. The search was performed with six different databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Thirty studies involving 23,185 children across nine countries were included. Twenty-two were randomised controlled trials, and 8 quasi-experimental pretest/post-test design with comparison. These studies fell into four different categories: home-based interventions with family involvement (n ¼ 12), preschool/early childhood settings (n ¼ 9), multicomponent interventions across multiple settings (n ¼ 6) and healthcare setting (n ¼ 3). Future research should focus on increasing the accessibility of education on diet and physical activity for deprived families as well as the cultural acceptability of interventions to prevent childhood obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions that prevent or reduce obesity in children from birth to five years of age: A systematic review

Narzisi

Simons

2020

J Child Health Care

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“…In recent years, early childhood obesity prevention is required because the prevalence of overweightness and obesity in children aged 5 years and below has been increasing worldwide [33]. In Japan, examinations of physical and mental development were performed on young children at 1.5 and 3 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among amino acid, lipid, and glucose metabolic profiles in childhood obesity

et al. 2019

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Background Plasma-free amino acid profiles have been reported to correlate with obesity and glucose metabolism, and have been studied as potentially useful biomarkers of lifestyle-related diseases affecting metabolism in adulthood. However, knowledge of these relationships is lacking in children, despite the growing public health problem posed by childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to assess whether plasma-free amino acid profiles can serve as useful biomarkers of lifestyle-related diseases in children with obesity. Methods This retrospective study used the medical records of 26 patients (15 male, 11 female) aged 9 or 10 years presenting with moderate to severe obesity and hyperlipidemia between April 2015 and March 2017. A degree of obesity of 30% or more was defined as moderate or severe. Amino acid levels were compared between obese children with and without impaired glucose tolerance using a t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, the influence of factors such as intima media thickness, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, amino acids, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed pairwise using Pearson’s correlation or Spearman’s rank correlation. Results HOMA-IR was positively correlated with valine, leucine (Leu), isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, lysine, alanine, tyrosine, glutamate (Glu), proline, arginine, ornithine, total free amino acids (all P < 0.01), and aspartate ( P = 0.010). Moreover, blood uric acid levels were positively correlated with Leu ( P = 0.005) and Glu ( P = 0.019), and negatively correlated with serine, glycine, and asparagine ( P = 0.007, P = 0.003, and P = 0.013, respectively). Conclusions Amino acid profile reflects impaired glucose tolerance and hyperuricemia at an early stage of obesity. It is therefore a useful marker to inform early intervention in children with obesity, as in adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1647-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In addition to needing accurate techniques to assess adiposity levels, it is also important to understand the precision of a technique. Estimates show that a −0.13 reduction in the BMI z‐score of 2 to 5 year olds that is maintained, equates to significant health care cost savings ($301 million) over a lifetime . Therefore, as obesity prevention interventions are considered, it is imperative to have sensitive techniques to detect small changes in adiposity to better evaluate intervention efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating body composition in infancy and childhood: A comparison between 4C, QMR, DXA, and ADP

et al. 2020

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Background: Accurate and precise methods to measure of body composition in infancy and childhood are needed.Objectives: This study evaluated differences and precision of three methods when compared with the four-compartment (4C) model for estimating fat mass (FM).Methods: FM of children (age 14 days to 6 years of age, N = 346) was obtained using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (QMR, EchoMRI-AH), air-displacement plethysmography (ADP, PeaPod, less than or equal to 8 kg, BodPod age 6 years or older), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic QDR). The 4C model was computed. Correlation, concordance, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed.Results: In infants, PeaPod had high individual FM accuracy, whereas DXA had high group FM accuracy compared with 4C. In children, DXA had high group and individual FM accuracies compared with 4C. QMR underestimated group FM in infants and children (300 and 510 g, respectively). The instrument FM precision was best for QMR (10 g) followed by BodPod (34 g), PeaPod (38 g), and DXA (45 g). Conclusions:In infants, PeaPod was the best method to estimate individual FM whereas DXA was best to estimate group FM. In children, DXA was best to estimate individual and group FM. QMR had the highest instrument precision. K E Y W O R D S air displacement plethysmography, body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, fat mass, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance 1 | INTRODUCTION Recent projections estimate that approximately 57% of children will be obese by 35 years of age, with half of those children developing obesity much earlier in childhood. 1 Previous analyses have shown that body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile at 2 weeks of age is associated with a two-fold risk of being overweight by the age of five. 2Further, increased adiposity (%fat mass [FM]) at birth persists through 5 months of age independent of early infant feeding and rapid infant growth. 3 BMI is commonly used in infants and children to assess growth, 4 effectiveness of intervention to reduce paediatric obesity, 5 and for prediction of obesity 6 and chronic diseases development. 7,8 While BMI in adults is related to clinical outcomes, its predictive value and usefulness in infants, children, and adolescents are less clear. 9 Further, complicating the use of BMI in infants and children is the interindividual variability for periods of rapid growth, for which BMI cannot Abbreviations: 4-C, four-compartment; ADP, air displacement plethysmography; BMI, body mass index; BV, body volume; BW, body weight; BMC, bone mineral content; DXA, dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry; FM, fat mass; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; QMR, quantitative magnetic resonance; TBW, total body water.

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The potential for long‐term cost‐effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions in the early years of life

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Interventions that prevent or reduce obesity in children from birth to five years of age: A systematic review

Interventions that prevent or reduce obesity in children from birth to five years of age: A systematic review

Associations among amino acid, lipid, and glucose metabolic profiles in childhood obesity

Evaluating body composition in infancy and childhood: A comparison between 4C, QMR, DXA, and ADP

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