The potential effectiveness of essential oils as a treatment for headlice, Pediculus humanus capitis

The In Vitro Activity of a Range of Natural Bioflavonoids Against Five Species of Pathogenic Fish Bacteria

“…Of these, garlic and its active components allicin and ajoene, is arguably the best known since it displays a broad spectrum of activity against a range of bacteria, viruses and parasites (Ankri and Mirelman, 1999;Zenner et al, 2003;Anthony et al, 2005;Magi et al, 2005;Park et al, 2005). Similarly, cinnamon oil has been effectively used against, among others, intestinal flagellates and phthirapteran lice (Veal, 1996;Zenner et al, 2003;Anthony et al, 2005). Given that the agar diffusion trials have been successful in highlighting compounds which when tested further have been found to be efficacious, suggests that there is value in further evaluating the plants listed above shown to have a broad activity.…”

Efficacy of Different Essential Oils, Uses in Case of Treatment and Control the Head Lice.

“…Cinnamonum zeylanicum Veal (1996) Natural product insecticides:-Tea tree oil Tea tree oil is distilled by steam from the leaves of the tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia and is a complex mixture of over 100 hydrocarbons and terpenes (Heukelbach et al 2006). Veal (1996) found 94% mortality against body lice with 1% emulsion of tea tree oil in water, furthermore a mixture of tea tree oil with cinnamon leaf oil (1:1) at 1% with 40% ethanol showed 100% efficacy against adult body lice after a 17 hr exposure. In another study tea tree oil illustrates less efficacy than δ-phenothrin and pyrethrum.…”

“…The study also demonstrate that addition of aliphatic alcohols enhance the insecticidal efficacy, and insecticidal activity systematically increase with increase in carbon atoms in the aliphatic alcohols and maximum activity was observed when the total number of carbon atoms was 12 (Gonzalez Audino et al 2007). The study use the mixture of 3 ml Peppermint oil and 7 ml Nutmeg oil using 40% ethanol as a solvent and results shows 100% mortality in both using rinse and without rinse in 17 hours exposure period Veal (1996).…”

“…On the other hand researchers change the solvent and using ethanol followed by rinse and the results illustrate 100% mortality in both adult and eggs. The mixture of tea tree oil and cinnamon leaf in the same proportion of 5 ml of each in 40% ethanol as a solvent shows 100% mortality by using rinse and without risen in 17 hours exposure (Veal 1996).…”

Ecosmart Biorational Insecticides: Alternative Insect Control Strategies

“…Plant volatile oils have long been known to affect the behavioural responses of pests, with the monoterpenoid components appearing most useful as insecticides or antifeedants (Palevitch & Craker, 1994). LMW terpenoids may be too lipophilic to be soluble in the haemolymph after crossing the cuticle, and proposed a route of entry through the tracheae (Veal, 1996). Most insecticides bind to receptor proteins in the insect and, in doing so; they interrupt normal neurotransmission, which lead to paralysis and subsequently death.…”