The Potential Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Red Alga Gelidium spinosum against Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

Abstract

Gut injury is a severe and unpredictable illness related to the increased cell death of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Excessive IEC apoptotic cell death during the pathophysiological state entails chronic inflammatory diseases. This investigation was undertaken to assess the cytoprotective action and underlying mechanisms of polysaccharides from Tunisian red alga, Gelidium spinosum (PSGS), on H2O2-induced toxicity in IEC-6 cells. The cell viability test was initially carried out to screen out convenient concentrations of H2O2 and PSGS. Subsequently, cells were exposed to 40 µM H2O2 over 4 h in the presence or absence of PSGS. Findings revealed that H2O2 caused oxidative stress manifested by over 70% cell mortality, disturbed the antioxidant defense, and increased the apoptotic rate in IEC-6 cells (32% than normal cells). Pretreatment of PSGS restored cell viability, especially when used at 150 µg/mL and normal cell morphology in H2O2-callenged cells. PSGS also equally sustained superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and hindered the apoptosis induced by H2O2. This protection mechanism of PSGS may be associated with its structural composition. The ultraviolet visible spectrum, Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that PSGS is mainly sulfated polysaccharides. Eventually, this research work provides a deeper insight into the protective functions and enhances the investment of natural resources in handling intestinal diseases.

Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress

“…Similar to our findings, Liang et al [ 36 ] and Li et al [ 37 ] also reported that the polysaccharides extracted from the edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum could reduce the apoptosis caused by toxins in mice and intestinal epithelial cell lines. According to Ajala et al [ 38 ], H 2 O 2 -caused intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis could be ameliorated by red alga Gelidium spinosum polysaccharides, and the above two plant polysaccharides and EPS have similar monosaccharides composition and molecular weight. They stated that this beneficial effect was partially attributed to the elevated SOD activity and antioxidant function of natural polysaccharides.…”

Phytochemical composition, Antimicrobial, GC-MS analyses and computational modeling of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) Seeds

“…The docking approach was carried out based on the CHARMm force field as previously published (Ben Saad et al, 2023;Rahmouni et al, 2024;Mhadhbi et al, 2023;Alreshidi et al, 2023) following the preparation of both ligands and receptors by removing water molecules and supplementing both polar hydrogens and Kollman charges... The assessment of binding scores bond categories were realized as previously reported Ben Saad et al, 2023;Mhadhbi et al, 2023;Alreshidi et al, 2023) 1JIJ, 2QZW, and 1H2D have been selected as they are commonly associated with the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, particularly from S. aureus and C. albicans and proantioxidant pathways (Ben Saad et al, 2023;Rahmouni et al, 2024;Mhadhbi et al, 2023;Idriss et al, 2022). Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of the fenugreek-identified phytochemicals have also been studied as previously described (Alreshidi et al, 2023;Rahmouni et al, 2022).…”

“…The fenugreek-identified phytochemicals had different affinities to TyrRS from Staphylococcus aureus (1JIJ), aspartic proteinase from Candia albicans (2QZW) receptors, and human peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5, 1H2D) (Table 5). Recently, it has been reported that binding affinities depend mainly on the 3D chemical structure of the ligands and their structural geometry (Ben Saad et al, 2023;Rahmouni, et al, 2024;Mhadhbi et al, 2023). In the current work, the 25 identified compounds of Fenugreek had negative binding affinities, which support the biological effects.…”

“…21 had the highest affinity and established good molecular interactions with the 1JIJ (Table 6). The molecular interactions included two carbon H-bonds associated with a network of hydrophobic bonds that contribute to the stability of the complex (Ben Saad et al, 2023;Akacha et al, 2022) (Figures 3 and 4). These interactions concerned several vital residues.…”

Target Screen of Anti-Hyperuricemia Compounds from Cortex Fraxini In Vivo Based on ABCG2 and Bioaffinity Ultrafiltration Mass Spectrometry

“…The ligands and ABCG2 were prepared and processed for minimization, and subsequently saved in pdbqt format. Following the selection of specific residues within the pocket region, a CHARMm force field was applied to the ligands and ABCG2 after targeting the grid box [28][29][30].…”