The potency of cannabis in New Zealand from 1976 to 1996

Poulsen, Helen; Sutherland, G.J.

doi:10.1016/s1355-0306(00)71972-1

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…On average marijuana contains about 5 percent THC, where the flowering tops contain the highest concentration followed by the leaves (Adams and Martin 1996). Marijuana that is grown hydroponically (hydro), indoors under artificial light with nutrient baths, typically has higher concentrations of THC relative to naturally grown leaf and head (Poulsen and Sutherland 2000). The THC levels found in hydro are similar to those found in skunk.…”

Section: Reportsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Marijuana on Main Street? Estimating Demand in Markets with Limited Access

Jacobi

Sovinsky

2016

American Economic Review

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Marijuana is the most common illicit drug with vocal advocates for legalization. Among other things, legalization would increase access and remove the stigma of illegality. Our model disentangles the role of access from preferences and shows that selection into access is not random. We find that traditional demand estimates are biased resulting in incorrect policy conclusions. If marijuana were legalized, those under 30 would see modest increases in use of 28 percent, while on average use would increase by 48 percent (to 19.4 percent). Tax policies are effective at curbing use, where Australia could raise AU$1 billion (and the United States US$12 billion). (JEL D12, H25, K14, K42)

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Section: Reportsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Marijuana on Main Street? Estimating Demand in Markets with Limited Access

Jacobi

Sovinsky

2016

American Economic Review

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“…These have not shown any sizeable increase in average THC content which has remained within the range of 2.0% to 4%. 13 …”

Section: Has the Average Thc Content Of Australian Cannabis Plants Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The THC content of cannabis in Australia: evidence and implications

Hall

Swift

2000

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…The cannabis C THC levels obtained indicate that the cannabis samples used cover a realistic range, based on national and international work [40][41][42][49][50][51][52][53]. It has often been noted in international studies that over time, there has been an increase in the C THC of cannabis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It has often been noted in international studies that over time, there has been an increase in the C THC of cannabis. A published NZ study, analysing cannabis from the illegal market, reported cannabis C THC levels between 1976 and 1996 [40], and indicated that at the time of publication (2000), no cannabis above 10% C THC had been tested in NZ. More recent testing in NZ has shown a maximum of 18.1% C THC cannabis (Personal communication, Robyn Somerville ESR, No entry in the table means that the terpenoid was not detected; NQ: the terpenoid was detected but its concentration could not be estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke from a variety of cannabis samples in New Zealand

Sheehan

Hamnett

Beasley

et al. 2018

Forensic Sciences Research

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Studies have compared the chemical properties of tobacco smoke to those of cannabis smoke, with the objective of identifying the chemical attributes responsible for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of cannabis smoke. Comparative studies have included small sample sizes and produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess the major chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke across a range of cannabis samples of different potencies and origins, sourced from the illegal market in New Zealand. Twelve cannabis samples were studied ranging from 1.0% to 13.4% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D 9 THC) content. A smoking machine was used to smoke "joints" (cannabis cigarettes) and the chemical/physical properties of the smoke assessed. The chemical constituents of the smoke extracts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A range of different chemical constituents (in addition to D 9 THC) were identified and their concentrations estimated. Terpenoids were identified as the major variable in cannabis smoke, showing a 40-fold range in total terpenoid content. Analysis of the total particulate matter showed that significantly different levels of particulate matter were produced between the different cannabis samples, ranging from 14.6 to 66.3 mg/g of cannabis smoked. The D 9 THC delivery efficiency during smoking was also investigated and produced consistent results showing a mean and median of 12.6% and 10.8%, respectively, of the theoretically available D 9 THC (ranging from 7.2% to 28.0%).

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The potency of cannabis in New Zealand from 1976 to 1996

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Marijuana on Main Street? Estimating Demand in Markets with Limited Access

Marijuana on Main Street? Estimating Demand in Markets with Limited Access

The THC content of cannabis in Australia: evidence and implications

Chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke from a variety of cannabis samples in New Zealand

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